The Earth’s Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics, and Change. By Vaclav  Smil. Cambridge (Massachusetts): MIT Press. $32.95. ix + 346 p; ill.; scientific name, name, and subject indexes. ISBN: 0‐262‐19472‐4. 2002.

Background: The erosion of mosses on the surface of Hue imperial citadel has caused a lot of harm and is currently an urgent problem to be solved. Objectives:1. Identifying some moss species growing on Hue relics. 2. Determining the cause of slipperiness and the living environment mosses. 3. Finding a solution to limit the intrusion of the mosses. Methods: The methods are: identifying scientific name by comparing patterns, identify mucus, pH measurement and evaluation of the effects of certain chemicals on the growth of mosses in the laboratory. Result: The moss species that develop popularly in Hue relics is Funaria hygrometrica, Bryum apiculatum, Trichostomum orthodontum, Fissidens lycopodioides. Funaria hygrometrica is the most popular moss. The cause of the slipperiness is mucus in moss cells released outside the moss after death. Mosses grow well in moist environments, clear and slightly acidic surface. After two days assessing the effect of citric acid 18%, 15%, 10% and 7% NaHCO3, 5%, 3% on the growth of moss, the mosses all died completely. Since then identified two types of chemicals have been found to completely dead moss, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and does not affect the surface of architectures are citric acid 10% solution and NaHCO3 3% solution. Keywords: The moss erosion, Funaria hygrometrica, mucus, citric acid, NaHCO3 Key words: The moss erosion, Funaria hygrometrica, mucus, citric acid, NaHCO 3

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Indonesia’s science and technology capacity evolution dynamics from 1970 to 2018 compared to the Republic of Korea

Innovation and Development ◽

10.1080/2157930x.2021.1928820 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Safendrri Komara Ragamustari ◽

Novia Budi Parwanto ◽

Ani Adiwinata Nawir ◽

Endang Sukara

Keyword(s):

Science And Technology ◽

Republic Of Korea ◽

Evolution Dynamics ◽

The Republic

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Cooperative Equilibrium in Biosphere Evolution: Reconciling Competition and Cooperation in Evolutionary Ecology

Acta Biotheoretica ◽

10.1007/s10441-021-09409-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John Herring

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Ecology ◽

Competition And Cooperation ◽

Cooperative Equilibrium ◽

Biosphere Evolution

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Different Within-Host Viral Evolution Dynamics in Severely Immunosuppressed Cases with Persistent SARS-CoV-2

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9070808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 808

Author(s):

Laura Pérez-Lago ◽

Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarría ◽

Rita García-Martínez ◽

Leire Pérez-Latorre ◽

Marta Herranz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Viral Evolution ◽

Special Focus ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

New Variant ◽

History Of ◽

Evolution Dynamics ◽

The Uk

A successful Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, B.1.1.7, has recently been reported in the UK, causing global alarm. Most likely, the new variant emerged in a persistently infected patient, justifying a special focus on these cases. Our aim in this study was to explore certain clinical profiles involving severe immunosuppression that may help explain the prolonged persistence of viable viruses. We present three severely immunosuppressed cases (A, B, and C) with a history of lymphoma and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding (2, 4, and 6 months), two of whom finally died. Whole-genome sequencing of 9 and 10 specimens from Cases A and B revealed extensive within-patient acquisition of diversity, 12 and 28 new single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively, which suggests ongoing SARS-CoV-2 replication. This diversity was not observed for Case C after analysing 5 sequential nasopharyngeal specimens and one plasma specimen, and was only observed in one bronchoaspirate specimen, although viral viability was still considered based on constant low Ct values throughout the disease and recovery of the virus in cell cultures. The acquired viral diversity in Cases A and B followed different dynamics. For Case A, new single nucleotide polymorphisms were quickly fixed (13–15 days) after emerging as minority variants, while for Case B, higher diversity was observed at a slower emergence: fixation pace (1–2 months). Slower SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary pace was observed for Case A following the administration of hyperimmune plasma. This work adds knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 prolonged shedding in severely immunocompromised patients and demonstrates viral viability, noteworthy acquired intra-patient diversity, and different SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics in persistent cases.

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