Juror Understanding of DNA Evidence: An Empirical Assessment of Presentation Formats for Trace Evidence with a Relatively Small Random‐Match Probability

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A. Nance ◽  
Scott B. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Match Probability ◽  
Random Match ◽  
Random Match Probability ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Presentation Formats

An algorithm for random match probability calculation from peptide sequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 102295
Author(s):  
August E. Woerner ◽  
F. Curtis Hewitt ◽  
Myles W. Gardner ◽  
Michael A. Freitas ◽  
Kathleen Q. Schulte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Match Probability ◽  
Random Match ◽  
Random Match Probability ◽  
Probability Calculation

Partial matches in heterogeneous offender databases do not call into question the validity of random match probability calculations

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Budowle ◽  
F. Samuel Baechtel ◽  
Ranajit Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Match Probability ◽  
Random Match ◽  
Random Match Probability

Assessing the FBI’s Native American STR database for random match probability calculations

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Ng ◽  
Robert F. Oldt ◽  
Sreetharan Kanthaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Match Probability ◽  
Random Match ◽  
Random Match Probability

Application of Random Match Probability Calculations to Mixed STR Profiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Bille ◽  
Jo-Anne Bright ◽  
John Buckleton
Keyword(s):  
Match Probability ◽  
Random Match ◽  
Random Match Probability

scholarly journals Lifestyle chemistries from phones for individual profiling

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (48) ◽  
pp. E7645-E7654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Bouslimani ◽  
Alexey V. Melnik ◽  
Zhenjiang Xu ◽  
Amnon Amir ◽  
Ricardo R. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Medical Status ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Investigative Team ◽  
Additional Form ◽  
Beauty Products

Imagine a scenario where personal belongings such as pens, keys, phones, or handbags are found at an investigative site. It is often valuable to the investigative team that is trying to trace back the belongings to an individual to understand their personal habits, even when DNA evidence is also available. Here, we develop an approach to translate chemistries recovered from personal objects such as phones into a lifestyle sketch of the owner, using mass spectrometry and informatics approaches. Our results show that phones’ chemistries reflect a personalized lifestyle profile. The collective repertoire of molecules found on these objects provides a sketch of the lifestyle of an individual by highlighting the type of hygiene/beauty products the person uses, diet, medical status, and even the location where this person may have been. These findings introduce an additional form of trace evidence from skin-associated lifestyle chemicals found on personal belongings. Such information could help a criminal investigator narrowing down the owner of an object found at a crime scene, such as a suspect or missing person.

scholarly journals DNA Evidence as the Basis for Conviction

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Lirieka Meintjes-Van der Walt ◽  
Priviledge Dhliwayo
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Match Probability ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
New Type ◽  
Scene Recovery ◽  
Probabilistic Evidence

The sufficiency of DNA evidence alone, with regard to convicting accused persons, has been interrogated and challenged in criminal cases. The availability of offender databases and the increasing sophistication of crime scene recovery of evidence have resulted in a new type of prosecution in which the State's case focuses on match statistics to explain the significance of a match between the accused's DNA profile and the crime-scene evidence. A number of such cases have raised critical jurisprudential questions about the proper role of probabilistic evidence, and the misapprehension of match statistics by courts. This article, with reference to selected cases from specific jurisdictions, investigates the issue of DNA evidence as the exclusive basis for conviction and important factors such as primary, secondary and tertiary transfer, contamination, cold hits and match probability which can influence the reliability of basing a conviction on DNA evidence alone, are discussed.

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