Ultra-high-energy Nuclear Interactions and Extensive Air Showers

1963 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
W M Glencross
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Nuclear Interactions

scholarly journals Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$ and $$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aab ◽  
◽  
P. Abreu ◽  
M. Aglietta ◽  
J. M. Albury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Attenuation Corrected

Abstract The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1018eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$38%$$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$±4%(12%)$$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$50%(53%)$$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$±4%(13%)$$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

scholarly journals The hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.3c and muon production in extensive air-showers

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 11002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Riehn ◽  
Ralph Engel ◽  
Anatoli Fedynitch ◽  
Thomas K. Gaisser ◽  
Todor Stanev
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Muon Production

One of the applications of the hadronic interaction model Sibyll is the simulation of extensive air showers of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In recent years it has become more and more clear that simulations do not agree with measurements when it comes to observables related to muons in air showers. We discuss the processes in Sibyll that are directly related to muon production in extensive air showers and describe their relation to shower observables.

scholarly journals RADIODETECTION OF COSMIC RAY EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS: UPGRADE OF THE CODALEMA EXPERIMENT

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6869-6871 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARDOUIN ◽  
A. BELLETOILE ◽  
D. CHARRIER ◽  
R. DALLIER ◽  
L. DENIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Particle Detectors ◽  
Demonstration Experiment ◽  
And Performance

We present the characteristics and performance of a demonstration experiment devoted to the observation of ultra high-energy cosmic ray extensive air showers using a radiodetection technique. In a first step, one antenna narrowed band filtered acting as trigger, with a 4σ threshold above sky background-level, was used to tag any radio transient in coincidence on the antenna array. Recently, the addition of 4 particle detectors has allowed us to observe cosmic ray events in coincidence with antennas.

ENERGY ESTIMATION OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAY PHOTONS BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 3953-3964
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
D. KOUTSOKOSTA ◽  
O. MALANDRAKI ◽  
H. ROSAKI-MAVROULI
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) (E ≥ 5 × 1019 eV ) are detected through Extensive Air Showers that are created when a primary cosmic ray particle interacts with the atmosphere of the Earth. The energy of the primary particle can be estimated experimentally based on simulations. In this paper, we attempt to estimate the energy of UHECR gamma ray photons by applying a Monte Carlo simulation code and we compare the results with the ones derived in our previous papers for hadron initiated showers. The scenario of simulations is adapted to the P. Auger Observatory site.

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