Evaluation of effective dose conversion coefficients for Korean adults during medical x-ray examinations up to 150 keV through comparison with ICRP Publication 74 and ICRP Publication 116

The current study was aimed at the justification and proposal of the supplements and corrections that are planned for the implementation in the updated version of the Methodical guidelines “Control of the effective doses of the patients from the X-ray examinations” (MU 2.6.1.2944-11). This study included estimation and/ or update of the values of the conversion coefficients from measurable dose characteristics (entrance-surface dose, dose-area product) to the effective dose for various X-ray examinations. Estimation of the updated conversion coefficients was based both on the home analytical and experimental studies based on the modern protocols of the X-ray examinations, and the results of the published data. Updated values of the conversion coefficients were presented for: fluoroscopic examinations of the gastro-intestinal tract with barium media for adult and pediatric patients; interventional examinations of the adult patients; computed tomography examinations for adult and pediatric patients; dental intraoral examinations. For the first time, the methods of the estimation of the effective dose and corresponding conversion coefficients were presented for: computed tomography of the extremities, whole body, scan of several anatomic regions; angiographic examinations of the heart vessels of the pediatric patients of different age categories; slot-scanning X-ray examinations; bone densitometry.

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Radiation exposure of patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures in Germany between 1996 and 2000

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625201 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 44 (05) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Schnell-Inderst ◽

D. Noßke ◽

M. Weiss ◽

A. Stamm-Meyer ◽

G. Brix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Current Status ◽

Annual Number ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Public Health Information ◽

Nuclear Medicine Procedures ◽

And Gender ◽

Icrp Publication

Summary:The aim of this study was to estimate both the frequency and effective dose of nuclear medicine procedures performed in Germany between 1996 and 2000 for different subgroups of patients. Methods: Electronically archived data from 14 hospitals and 10 private practices were restored and statistically analyzed. The effective dose per examination was calculated according to ICRP publication 80 using the tissue weighting factors given in ICRP publication 60. Based on the data collected, statistical parameters were computed to characterize the frequency and effective dose of the various nuclear medicine procedures. Results: In total, 604,771 nuclear medicine procedures performed in 433,709 patients were analyzed. On average, 1.4 examinations were carried out per patient and year. The median effective dose was 1.7 [5.-95. percentile; mean: 0.4–8.5; 2.9] mSv per examination and 2.3 [0.5–11.2; 3.5] mSv per patient. Interestingly, the mean effective dose per examination, but not the number of examinations per year increased with the age of the patients. Most frequent were examinations of the thyroid (36.7%), the skeleton (27.1%) and the cardiovascular system (11.1%), which were associated with a median effective dose of 0.5 [0.5–1.1; 0.7] mSv, 3.4 [2.9–5.1; 3.6] mSv and 7.3 [3.2–21.0; 9.5] mSv, respectively. Over the five-year period examined, the total annual number of PET procedures (222.3%) as well as of examinations of thyroid (24.5%), skeleton (17.9%), and the cardiovascular system (14.9%) increased markedly, whereas a decrease was observed for brain (-39.3%), lung (-20.2%) and renal (-15.0%) scans. Conclusion: The age- and gender-specific data presented in this study provide detailed public health information on both the current status and recent trends in the practice of diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations.

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Fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients from a Saudi population based phantom for monoenergetic photon beams from 10 keV to 20 MeV

Journal of Radiological Protection ◽

10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/75 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 75-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andy K Ma ◽

Mohammed Adel Hussein ◽

Khalid Mohammed Altaher ◽

Khalid Yousif Farid ◽

Mamun Amer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Population Based ◽

Saudi Population ◽

Photon Beams ◽

Conversion Coefficients

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Overview of Fluence-to-Effective Dose and Fluence-to-Ambient Dose Equivalent Conversion Coefficients for High Energy Radiation Calculated Using the FLUKA Code

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033046 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 279-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 197

Author(s):

M. Pelliccioni

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

High Energy ◽

Dose Equivalent ◽

High Energy Radiation ◽

Energy Radiation ◽

Ambient Dose Equivalent ◽

Conversion Coefficients ◽

Ambient Dose

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Using 100- instead of 120-kVp computed tomography to diagnose pulmonary embolism almost halves the radiation dose with preserved diagnostic quality

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.3109/02841850903505222 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 260-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Peter Björkdahl ◽

Ulf Nyman

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Image Quality ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Ct Number ◽

Subjective Image Quality ◽

Diagnostic Quality ◽

X Ray ◽

Tube Potential

Background: Concern has been raised regarding the mounting collective radiation doses from computed tomography (CT), increasing the risk of radiation-induced cancers in exposed populations. Purpose: To compare radiation dose and image quality in a chest phantom and in patients for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) at 100 and 120 peak kilovoltage (kVp) using 16-multichannel detector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods: A 20-ml syringe containing 12 mg I/ml was scanned in a chest phantom at 100/120 kVp and 25 milliampere seconds (mAs). Consecutive patients underwent 100 kVp ( n = 50) and 120 kVp ( n = 50) 16-MDCT using a “quality reference” effective mAs of 100, 300 mg I/kg, and a 12-s injection duration. Attenuation (CT number), image noise (1 standard deviation), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR; fresh clot = 70 HU) of the contrast medium syringe and pulmonary arteries were evaluated on 3-mm-thick slices. Subjective image quality was assessed. Computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP) were presented by the CT software, and effective dose was estimated. Results: Mean values in the chest phantom and patients changed as follows when X-ray tube potential decreased from 120 to 100 kVp: attenuation +23% and +40%, noise +38% and +48%, CNR −6% and 0%, and CTDIvol −38% and −40%, respectively. Mean DLP and effective dose in the patients decreased by 42% and 45%, respectively. Subjective image quality was excellent or adequate in 49/48 patients at 100/120 kVp. No patient with a negative CT had any thromboembolism diagnosed during 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: By reducing X-ray tube potential from 120 to 100 kVp, while keeping all other scanning parameters unchanged, the radiation dose to the patient may be almost halved without deterioration of diagnostic quality, which may be of particular benefit in young individuals.

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LX-ray Spectra and E2 Internal Conversion Coefficients in Radon and Radium

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1973-1010 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1635-1641 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. G. de Pinho ◽

M. Weksler

Keyword(s):

Excited States ◽

Internal Conversion ◽

Electric Quadrupole ◽

Alpha Decay ◽

X Ray ◽

Internal Conversion Coefficients ◽

Conversion Coefficients ◽

Good Agreement

The X-ray spectra resulting from the internal conversion of electric quadrupole transitions following the alpha decay of Th230 and Ra226 were analysed with a Si (Li) spectrometer. From the knowledge of the Coster-Kronig and fluorescence yields, the internal conversion coefficients of the E2 transitions from the first excited states in Ra226 and Rn222 could be deduced. Results are in good agreement with theoretical values.

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