scholarly journals Supplements and adjustments to the method of the assessment of the effective dose from the external exposure of the patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Golikov ◽  
L. A. Chipiga ◽  
A. V. Vodovatov ◽  
S. S. Sarycheva
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Area Product

The current study was aimed at the justification and proposal of the supplements and corrections that are planned for the implementation in the updated version of the Methodical guidelines “Control of the effective doses of the patients from the X-ray examinations” (MU 2.6.1.2944-11). This study included estimation and/ or update of the values of the conversion coefficients from measurable dose characteristics (entrance-surface dose, dose-area product) to the effective dose for various X-ray examinations. Estimation of the updated conversion coefficients was based both on the home analytical and experimental studies based on the modern protocols of the X-ray examinations, and the results of the published data. Updated values of the conversion coefficients were presented for: fluoroscopic examinations of the gastro-intestinal tract with barium media for adult and pediatric patients; interventional examinations of the adult patients; computed tomography examinations for adult and pediatric patients; dental intraoral examinations. For the first time, the methods of the estimation of the effective dose and corresponding conversion coefficients were presented for: computed tomography of the extremities, whole body, scan of several anatomic regions; angiographic examinations of the heart vessels of the pediatric patients of different age categories; slot-scanning X-ray examinations; bone densitometry.

Dose-area product measurements and determination of conversion coefficients for the estimation of effective dose in dental lateral cephalometric radiology

2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Looe ◽  
F. Eenboom ◽  
N. Chofor ◽  
A. Pfaffenberger ◽  
M. Sering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Area Product

scholarly journals Combining Optimized Image Processing With Dual Axis Rotational Angiography: Toward Low‐Dose Invasive Coronary Angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Buytaert ◽  
Benny Drieghe ◽  
Frédéric Van Heuverswyn ◽  
Jan De Pooter ◽  
Peter Gheeraert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Invasive Coronary Angiography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Dose Conversion Factor ◽  
Area Product

Background Dual axis rotational coronary angiography ( DARCA ) reduces radiation exposure during coronary angiography on older x‐ray systems. The purpose of the current study is to quantify patient and staff radiation exposure using DARCA on a modality already equipped with dose‐reducing technology. Additionally, we assessed applicability of 1 dose area product to effective dose conversion factor for both DARCA and conventional coronary angiography ( CCA ) procedures. Methods and Results Twenty patients were examined using DARCA and were compared with 20 age‐, sex‐, and body mass index–matched patients selected from a prior study using CCA on the same x‐ray modality. All irradiation events are simulated using PCXMC ( STUK , Finland) to determine organ and effective doses. Moreover, for DARCA each frame is simulated. Staff dose is measured using active personal dosimeters (DoseAware, Philips Healthcare, The Netherlands). With DARCA , median cumulative dose area product is reduced by 57% (ie, 7.41 versus 17.19 Gy·cm 2 ). Effective dose conversion factors of CCA and DARCA are slightly different, yet this difference is not statistically significant. The occupational dose at physician's chest, leg, and collar level are reduced by 60%, 56%, and 16%, respectively, of which the first 2 reached statistical significance. Median effective dose is reduced from 4.75 mSv in CCA to 2.22 mSv in DARCA procedures, where the latter is further reduced to 1.79 mSv when excluding ventriculography. Conclusions During invasive coronary angiography, DARCA reduces radiation exposure even further toward low‐dose values on a system already equipped with advanced image processing and noise reduction algorithms. For both DARCA and CCA procedures, using 1 effective dose conversion factor of 0.30 mSv·Gy −1 ·cm −2 is feasible.

scholarly journals Radiography student comparison performing lumbar and thoracic spine imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Mekiš ◽  
Rebeka Viltužnik
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thoracic And Lumbar Spine ◽  
Area Product

Introduction: General radiography is a common imaging technique and X-ray examinations of the thoracic and lumbar spine are among the most frequent procedures undertaken. The aim of this research was to investigate the success rate, dose-area product (DAP), and effective dose values of 1st and 2nd cycle radiographer students performing X-ray imaging of the thoracic and lumbar spine using a phantom. Methods: The students were divided into four groups according to the year of study (1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of 1st cycle degree, and all 2nd cycle degree students). They were asked to perform imaging of thoracic and lumbar spine on the phantom in both anteroposterior and lateral projections where IQ and DAP measurements were collated. The study was blind, so they did not know about the purpose of the study. Results: First, we have inspected the acceptability rate of the images performed. The highest success rate of performing an optimal image was discovered with the 2nd cycle degree students where the 1st year students had the most difficulties there. In the second part, DAP and effective dose values were compared, only for the acceptable images in which case the 1st and 2nd years, students of the 1st cycle degree were most successful. Conclusion: Based on that, we can conclude, that the 2nd cycle degree students had the lowest rejection rate regarding the optimal image quality, which was the price of using a larger primary X-ray field which leads to higher dose values.

ESTIMATION OF ORGAN DOSES AND EFFECTIVE DOSES BASED ON IN-PHANTOM DOSIMETRY FOR INFANT DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERISATIONS WITH NOVEL X-RAY IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Toshio Kawasaki ◽  
Masami Sakakubo ◽  
Kanako Ito
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Cardiac Catheterisation ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Area Product

Abstract The present study evaluated the organ and effective doses in infant diagnostic cardiac catheterisation performed using a modern x-ray imaging unit by in-phantom dosimetry. In addition, conversion factors from dose–area product (DAP) to effective dose were determined. The organ and effective doses in 1-year old during diagnostic cardiac catheterisations were measured using radiophotoluminescence glass dosemeters implanted into an infant anthropomorphic phantom. The mean effective doses, evaluated according to the International Commission on Radiologic Protection Publication 103, were 4.0 mSv (range: 1.5–8.7 mSv). The conversion factors from DAP to effective dose were 2 and 3.5 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral fluoroscopy, respectively, and 1.8 and 3.3 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral cineangiography, respectively. The dose data and conversion factors evaluated in the present study may be useful for estimating radiation exposure in infants during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation.

scholarly journals A review of dental cone-beam CT dose conversion coefficients

2020 ◽  
pp. 20200225
Author(s):  
Eugene Mah ◽  
E Russell Ritenour ◽  
Hai Yao
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Area Product

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the literature to examine the usage and magnitude of effective dose conversion factors (DCE) for dental cone beam CT (CBCT) scanners. Methods: A PubMed literature search for publications relating to radiation dosimetry in dental radiography was performed. Papers were included if they reported DCE, or reported ICRP 103 effective dose and dose-area product. 71 papers relating to dental CBCT dosimetry were found, of which eight reported effective dose conversion factors or provided enough information to calculate dose conversion factors. Scanner model, effective dose, dose-area product, tube voltage, field of view size and DCE were extracted from the papers for analysis. Results: DCE values ranged from 0.035 to 0.31 µSv/mGy-cm2 with a mean of 0.129 µSv/mGy-cm2 (SD = 0.056). When categorized into small (<100 cm2), medium (100–225 cm2) and large (>225 cm2) fields of view (FOV), linear fits to the effective dose and dose-area product yielded slopes of 0.129, 0.111 and 0.074 µSv/mGy-cm2 for small, medium and large FOVs respectively. Conclusion: The range of reported DCE values and spread with respect to field of view category suggests that DCE values that depend on FOV would provide more accurate effective dose estimates. Tube voltage was found to be a smaller factor in determining DCE. Reasonable values for DCE taking into account FOV size were obtained. There is considerable room for more work to be done to examine the behaviour of DCE with changes to patient age and dental CBCT imaging parameters.

Dose-Area Product–to–Effective Dose Conversion Coefficients for Pelvic Radiography Using a Monte Carlo Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Chen ◽  
Eva M. Escobedo ◽  
Jonathan G. Eastman ◽  
Joshua D. Bloomstein ◽  
Sandra L. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Monte Carlo Program ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Pelvic Radiography ◽  
Area Product

Dose area product in estimation of effective dose of the patients undergoing dental cone beam computed tomography examinations

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1412-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Kralik ◽  
Dario Faj ◽  
Tomislav Lauc ◽  
Matko Škarica ◽  
Jelena Popić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Area Product

scholarly journals Application of Dose Area Product (DAP) to Estimate Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) in Pediatric Chest X-Rays

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Roya Davoodi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Eydian ◽  
Hessein Karampour ◽  
Mahdi Nassarpour ◽  
Reza Rezazadeh-Farokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Area Product

Introduction: Given the high radiation tissue sensitivity of pediatric patients, it is necessary to monitor their received dose to optimize radiation protection. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the entrance surface dose (ESD) in pediatric patients undergoing a chest X-ray at the main hospital of Dezful, Iran. The second aim was to compare our results with the established dose reference levels (DRLs). Materials and Methods: The studied population included 204 pediatric patients less than 15 years who were referred to as chest X-ray. A calibrated dose area product meter (DAP-meter) with permanent installation on the X-ray unit was used to radiation dose measurements. For each patient, the demographic data, exposure parameters and the dose read by DAP-meter were recorded and ESD was calculated using a standard mathematical formula. Results: The average value of ESD was 119 μGy in patients less than 15 years. This value was 51.3, 122.3, 131.5 and 171.2 μGy for the age groups for less than 1 year, 1 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years and 10 to 15 years, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen between ESD values ​​in different age groups (P<0.001), whereas no statistical difference was seen between ESD values in ​ girls and boys (P =0.993). Conclusion: Pediatric patients in hospital investigated (except age group less than 1 year) are subjected to unnecessary radiation exposure, especially due to the use of non-optimize X-ray protocols.

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