scholarly journals Gyroscopic effect in intermolecular collision with the C60 fullerene molecule

2020 ◽  
Vol 1537 ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
A M Bubenchikov ◽  
M A Bubenchikov ◽  
V A Ovchinnikov
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Talmazan ◽  
Klaus R. Liedl ◽  
Bernhard Kräutler ◽  
Maren Podewitz

Ever since the discovery of fullerenes, their mono- and multi-functionalization by exohedral addition chemistry has been a fundamental topic. A few years ago, a topochemically controlled regiospecific di-functionalization of C60 fullerene by anthracene in the solid state was discovered. In the present work, we analyze the mechanism of this unique reaction, where an anthracene molecule is transferred from one C60 mono-adduct to another one under exclusive formation of equal amounts of C60 and of the difficult to make, highly useful, antipodal C60 bis-adduct. Our herein disclosed dispersion corrected DFT studies show the anthracene transfer to take place in a synchronous retro Diels-Alder/Diels-Alder reaction: an anthracene molecule dissociates only partially from one fullerene when already undergoing bonding interactions with a neighboring fullerene molecule, facilitating the reaction kinetically. Hence, the anthracene transfer occurs via a stabilized intermediate, in which a planar anthracene molecule is sandwiched between two neighboring fullerenes and forms equally strong “double-decker” type π-π stacking interactions with both of these fullerenes. Analysis with the distortion interaction model shows that the anthracene unit of the intermediate is almost planar with minimal distortion. This analysis sheds light on the existence of simultaneous noncovalent interactions engaging both of the two faces of a planar polyunsaturated ring and two convex fullerene surfaces in an unprecedented ‘inverted sandwich’ structure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Krichkovskaya ◽  
P. Lysak ◽  
M. Bobro ◽  
V. Dubonosov ◽  
Yu. Gritzaenko

cultivation of plant food objects, in particular, Brassica juncea czern (mustard seeds of the talisman variety). In addition, the issue of recycling of the most concentrated fermentation liquid, which is a waste after separation at the stage of growing a pure yeast culture, is solved. The growth-stimulating activity of "Humir-1", created on the basis of hydrated fullerenes (HyFn), (C60(H2O)n) and humates, as well "Humir-2" in which the mixture of hydrated fullerenes and humates was added to the supernatant of the fermentation fluid, in which a pure culture of yeast (strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was grown. Concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrated C60HyFn which are molecular colloidal systems of spherical fractal clusters, the structural unit of which is a strong, highly hydrophilic supramolecular complex consisting of a C60 fullerene molecule enclosed in the first hydrated shell containing 24 water molecules were used as a basis in “Humir” preparations. Humates, which is also part of the developed composition, in addition to stimulating growth, has a positive effect on the plant's immunity, helping to adapt to the environment and increase protection against its negative manifestations. The supernatant of the fermentation mixture, in which pure culture yeast was grown, is rich of vitamins, micro and macro elements, yeast residues, and also contains the dry matter of yeast rich in biologically active substances. The influence of the developed compositions on the efficiency of brassica juncea czern cultivation was studied in laboratory and field conditions on the basis of an experimental farm of the Dokuchaev Institute of Agriculture in Kharkiv region. As a result of research, it has been proved that the developed drug "Humir-2", in addition to increasing the yield of brassica juncea czern, increases photosynthetic activity, increases germination and germination energy. As a result, plants have a powerful developed root system and a significantly increased assimilation area of the Leaf.


2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (14) ◽  
pp. 144302
Author(s):  
George Razvan Bacanu ◽  
Tanzeeha Jafari ◽  
Mohamed Aouane ◽  
Jyrki Rantaharju ◽  
Mark Walkey ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andrievsky ◽  
V. Klochkov ◽  
L. Derevyanchenko

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-333
Author(s):  
Rafał Hein ◽  
Cezary Orlikowski

Abstract In the paper, the authors describe the method of reduction of a model of rotor system. The proposed approach makes it possible to obtain a low order model including e.g. non-proportional damping or the gyroscopic effect. This method is illustrated using an example of a rotor system. First, a model of the system is built without gyroscopic and damping effects by using the rigid finite element method. Next, this model is reduced. Finally, two identical, low order, reduced models in two perpendicular planes are coupled together by means of gyroscopic and damping interaction to form one model of the system. Thus a hybrid model is obtained. The advantage of the presented method is that the number of gyroscopic and damping interactions does not affect the model range


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