scholarly journals Contribution of wave aberrations represented by Zernike polynomials to the cross-correlation function between distorted and actual speckle patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2091 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
T V Blagova ◽  
I Sh Khasanov

Abstract Speckles are sensitive to the slightest inhomogeneities of the medium, which is used in optical research methods such as speckle interferometry. However, the stochastic nature of propagation of speckle fields complicates their accurate detection and processing. For example, aberrations in the optical system result in the decorrelation of the image of speckles with the actual speckles that are observed in free space. The report will consider the main types of wave aberrations of optical system and their influence on the correlation properties of speckle patterns. The research results can be used to optimize optical systems in which speckles play a significant role, for example, in classical ghost imaging.

1995 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burckel ◽  
S. H. Zaidi ◽  
S. R. J. Brueck

AbstractA new speckle technique, sub-feature speckle interferometry, is introduced that relies on the amplitude interference of two independent speckle patterns, originating from coherent illumination, using an optical system that produces interferometric quality interference fringes on a scale comparable to the speckle correlation length. Examples are given for in-plane translation, sample tilt, and temperature measurement (strain). A temperature measurement accuracy σ = 0.92°C is realized. In contrast to traditional full-field speckle cross-correlation techniques, this technique requires only a small number of detector elements with minimal signal processing and is compatible with many real-time sensor applications. Measurements of the optical phase across a speckle feature are presented.


2020 ◽  
pp. short47-1-short47-7
Author(s):  
Olga Kalinkina ◽  
Tatyana Ivanova ◽  
Julia Kushtyseva

At various stages of the life cycle of optical systems, one of the most important tasks is quality of optical system elements assembly and alignment control. The different wavefront reconstruction algorithms have already proven themselves to be excellent assistants in this. Every year increasing technical capacities opens access to the new algorithms and the possibilities of their application. The paper considers an iterative algorithm for recovering the wavefront parameters. The parameters of the wavefront are the Zernike polynomials coefficients. The method involves using a previously known point spread function to recover Zernike polynomials coefficients. This work is devoted to the research of the defocusing influence on the convergence of the algorithm. The method is designed to control the manufacturing quality of optical systems by point image. A substantial part of the optical systems can use this method without additional equipment. It can help automate the controlled optical system adjustment process.


Author(s):  
A. V. Vasileva ◽  
N. N. Kalmykov ◽  
S. A. Melnikov ◽  
V. V. Solovyev

One of the functions of a correlation radar meter for measuring altitude and velocity vector components is measuring the velocity vector components based on comparing correlation properties of the signals received by spatially separated antennae. The CRM test and control equipment contains a simplified velocity simulator forming signal transport delays according to the values of axial and transverse velocity vector components. We consider a correlated signal model allowing us to imitate a reflected signal that makes it possible to measure parameter values by means of transport delays and the difference in cross-correlation function maximum values.


Author(s):  
О. М. Romanov ◽  
V. Yu. Kotiubin

Context. To improve the noise immunity of communication and data transmission systems, error-correcting coding is widely used. The most common because of their effectiveness are block coding methods. Under conditions of partial a priori uncertainty of the type and parameters of encoding, before decoding the digital sequence, a preliminary analysis is carried out to determine them. In block coding, to determine the period of a digital sequence caused by the addition of a sync sequence to it, and which can determine the type and parameters of coding, a common approach is to use their correlation properties. Objective. The object of the research is the presentation of periodicity search algorithms in digital sequences with block errorcorrecting coding under conditions of partial a priori uncertainty of the type and parameters of the error-correcting code. Method. The article presents two periodicity search algorithms in digital sequences with block coding and describes the principle of their operation. The basis of one algorithm is the calculation of the autocorrelation function, the basis of the other is calculation of the cross-correlation function. It is shown that the length of the digital sequence should be twice as long as the maximum possible period. The operation of both algorithms is illustrated by examples. Results. Based on the proposed algorithms, special software has been developed. The results of determining the period of digital sequences with block error-correcting coding at different values of the period confirmed the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Both proposed algorithms give approximately the same result. Experimental dependences of the calculation time of auto- and crosscorrelation functions from the length of the digital sequence and the maximum possible period are established. The period search algorithm in a digital sequence, that use the cross-correlation function of its components, is more efficient due to fewer calculations. Conclusions. For the first time, two periodicity search algorithms in digital sequences with block error-correcting based on the determination of their correlation functions are obtained. The application of the developed algorithms in practice allows, under partial a priori uncertainty of the type and parameters of the error-correcting code, to determine the period of digital sequences in real time even at large values of the period, and based on it, to identify the type and parameters of block error-correcting codes.


Author(s):  
J T Fourie

The attempts at improvement of electron optical systems to date, have largely been directed towards the design aspect of magnetic lenses and towards the establishment of ideal lens combinations. In the present work the emphasis has been placed on the utilization of a unique three-dimensional crystal objective aperture within a standard electron optical system with the aim to reduce the spherical aberration without introducing diffraction effects. A brief summary of this work together with a description of results obtained recently, will be given.The concept of utilizing a crystal as aperture in an electron optical system was introduced by Fourie who employed a {111} crystal foil as a collector aperture, by mounting the sample directly on top of the foil and in intimate contact with the foil. In the present work the sample was mounted on the bottom of the foil so that the crystal would function as an objective or probe forming aperture. The transmission function of such a crystal aperture depends on the thickness, t, and the orientation of the foil. The expression for calculating the transmission function was derived by Hashimoto, Howie and Whelan on the basis of the electron equivalent of the Borrmann anomalous absorption effect in crystals. In Fig. 1 the functions for a g220 diffraction vector and t = 0.53 and 1.0 μm are shown. Here n= Θ‒ΘB, where Θ is the angle between the incident ray and the (hkl) planes, and ΘB is the Bragg angle.


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