scholarly journals Crosscorrelation image processing for surface shape reconstruction using fiducial markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2127 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
E V Shmatko ◽  
V V Pinchukov ◽  
A D Bogachev ◽  
A Yu Poroykov

Abstract Optical methods for deformations diagnostic and surface shape measurement are widely used in scientific research and industry. Most of these methods are based on triangulating a set of two-dimensional points in the images appropriate to the same three-dimensional points of the object in space. Various algorithms to search such points are applied. The possibility of using cross-correlation processing of digital images to search these points is considered in the work. Algorithms based on the correlation function calculation are widely employed in such a popular flow diagnostic method as PIV. The cameras of a stereo system for surface shape measurement can be widely spaced, and the tilt angles relative to the surface can differ significantly. This leads to the fact that the images taken from the cameras cannot be directly processed by the correlation function because it is not invariant to rotation. To solve this problem, fiducial markers are used to find an initial estimate of displacement of the images relative to each other. This approach makes it possible to successfully apply correlation processing for stereo system images with a large stereo base.

Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Tae-Sun Choi

Three-dimensional (3D) shape reconstruction is a fundamental problem in machine vision applications. Shape from focus (SFF) is one of the passive optical methods for 3D shape recovery, which uses degree of focus as a cue to estimate 3D shape. In this approach, usually a single focus measure operator is applied to measure the focus quality of each pixel in image sequence. However, the applicability of a single focus measure is limited to estimate accurately the depth map for diverse type of real objects. To address this problem, we introduce the development of optimal composite depth (OCD) function through genetic programming (GP) for accurate depth estimation. The OCD function is developed through optimally combining the primary information extracted using one (homogeneous features) or more focus measures (heterogeneous features). The genetically developed composite function is then used to compute the optimal depth map of objects. The performance of this function is investigated using both synthetic and real world image sequences. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed estimator is more accurate than existing SFF methods. Further, it is found that heterogeneous function is more effective than homogeneous function.


2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 1450160 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Yukhnovskii ◽  
M. P. Kozlovskii ◽  
I. V. Pylyuk

A microscopic description of the critical behavior of systems belonging to the universality class of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model is developed within the collective variables (CV) approach. The higher non-Gaussian approximation (the sextic distribution for the modes of spin-moment density oscillations or the ρ6 model) is used. A specific feature of the partition function calculation for an Ising-like system is the inclusion of the correction for the potential averaging. This correction leads to the modified recurrence relations (RR) for the ρ6 model and a nonzero critical exponent of the correlation function η. The RR between the coefficients of the effective sextic distributions are written and analyzed. A technique for determining the small critical exponent η is elaborated in the higher non-Gaussian approximation. It is shown that the renormalized critical exponent of the correlation length has a tendency to a reduction in the case when the exponent η is taken into account.


1999 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 513-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VIGMOND ◽  
F. X. WITKOWSKI ◽  
L. J. LEON

Wiggers initially described that after electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF) the rhythm so induced progresses in complexity [14]. Previously Witkowski et al. [15] have described two distinct phases of perfused VF. The acute form was characterized by relatively well organized activity and was observed in the first few minutes after induction. The chronic form developed after this initial reentry and was more disorganized in nature. In this paper we describe computer simulations carried out using a complex three-dimensional model of cardiac tissue. Depending on the time constant of the dynamics of the calcium current, activity ranged from organized scroll waves, to highly disorganized chaotic activity in which it was possible to identify up to 10 different vortex filaments which continually drifted and split. The model data was compared to experimental measurements via the maximum cross-correlation function described previously by Witkowski et al. [15]. We found that the max cross-correlation function for a single scroll wave ranged between 0.6 and 0.9, and is similar to what was experimentally observed from optical transmembrane potential mapping during early VF. For the highly disorganized activity the maximum cross-correlation function was in the range of 0.2, which similarly was in same range reported experimentally for fully developed VF.


2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2017-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
冯忠耀 Feng Zhongyao ◽  
贾昉 Jia Fang ◽  
周景会 Zhou Jinghui ◽  
忽满利 Hu Manli

2021 ◽  
Vol 2127 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
V V Pinchukov ◽  
E V Shmatko ◽  
A D Bogachev ◽  
A Yu Poroykov

Abstract Optical methods for deformation diagnostics and surface shape measurement are often used in scientific research and industry. Most of these methods are based on the triangulation of a set of two-dimensional points from different images corresponding to the three-dimensional points of an object in space. Triangulation is based on the stereo system calibration parameters, which are determined before the experiment. Measurements during conditions with increased vibration loads can lead to a change in the relative position of the cameras of the stereo system (decalibration). This leads to a change in the actual calibration parameters and an increase in the measurement error. This work aims to solve the problem of increasing the measurement accuracy of the photogrammetric method in the case of high vibration loads. For this, it is proposed to use an optimization algorithm for calibration parameters to minimize the reprojection error of three-dimensional points calculated using triangulation. The paper presents the results of a computer simulation of decalibration of a video camera stereo system, an algorithm for optimizing the external parameters of a stereo system, and an assessment of its performance.


Author(s):  
С.И. Герасимов ◽  
В.Д. Глушнев

Корреляционная обработка сигналов как частный случай использования цифровой обработки данных, получаемых с акустических датчиков, находит широкое применение в современных ультразвуковых расходомерах жидкости и газа. К ним можно отнести как непосредственно корреляционные меточные расходомеры, так и расходомеры преимущественно время-импульсного или время-пролетного типов, где корреляционная обработка акустических сигналов является дополнением к общему методу измерения объемного расхода жидкости и газа. Применение корреляционной обработки позволяет повысить разрешающую способность расходомера в целом и обеспечить выделение полезного сигнала на фоне присутствия шумов с высокой степенью достоверности. В статье описан способ вычисления дискретных корреляционных функций на основе обобщенного определения дискретной корреляционной функции через свертку дискретизированных сигналов с выходов датчиков потока. Суть данного метода сводится к вычислению набора значений кумулятивных произведений отсчетов зондирующих сигналов, взятых с разным шагом в зависимости от общего количества отсчетов сигналов и предполагаемого числа значений корреляционной функции. Полученный набор значений оформляется в виде двумерного массива или матрицы, однако для большего понимания его можно представить как таблицу. Результаты суммы отдельных элементов этой таблицы или матрицы, выбранных согласно установленному правилу, и будут являться конечными значениями взаимной корреляционной функции акустических сигналов. В рамках работы составлены непосредственно алгоритм вычисления дискретной корреляционной функции в соответствии с рассмотренным методом расчета корреляционной функции, приведены примеры вычисления программным способом взаимной и автокорреляционной функций акустических сигналов, приближенных по своим свойствам к сигналам реальных ультразвуковых расходомеров. Предложенный вариант расчета дискретных корреляционных функций может быть применен в энергоэффективных вычислительных модулях расходомеров, предназначенных для длительной эксплуатации от источника автономного питания, обладающих низкой производительностью. Correlation signal processing as a particular case of using a digital data processing obtained from acoustic sensors is widely used in modern ultrasonic liquid and gas flowmeters. These include both direct correlation flowmeters and predominantly a time-pulse or time-of-flight type’s flowmeters, where the correlation processing of acoustic signals is an addition to the general method for measuring the volumetric flow rate of liquid and gas. The use of correlation processing makes it possible to increase the resolution of the flowmeter as a whole and to ensure the useful signal extraction against the background of the noise presence with a high degree of reliability. The article describes a method for calculating discrete correlation functions based on the generalized definition of a discrete correlation function through the convolution of sampled signals from the flow sensors outputs. The essence of this method comes down to calculating a values set ​​of the cumulative products of the probing signal’s samples taken with different steps depending on the total number of signal samples and the assumed number of the correlation function samples. The resulting values sequence ​​is formatted as a two-dimensional array or matrix, but for better understanding it can be represented as a table. The results of the sum of the individual elements of this table or matrix, selected according to the established rule, will be the final values ​​of the cross-correlation function of acoustic signals. Within the framework, an algorithm for calculating the discrete correlation function is directly compiled in accordance with the considered method for calculating the correlation function, examples of software calculation of the cross- and autocorrelation functions of acoustic signals, which are close in their properties to the real signals of ultrasonic flowmeters, are given. The proposed option for calculating discrete correlation functions can be applied in energy-efficient computational modules of flowmeters designed for long-term operation from an autonomous power source with low performance.


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