Redefining in situ and ex situ conservation of useful plant diversity in an era of climate change

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. 312003
Author(s):  
Toby Hodgkin ◽  
L Snook ◽  
M Bellon ◽  
E Frison
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals Planning priority conservation areas under climate change for six plant species with extremely small populations in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Qu ◽  
Chun-Jing Wang ◽  
Zhi-Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Measures

The concept of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) has been employed to guide conservation of threatened plant species in China. Climate change has a high potential to threaten PSESP. As a result, it is necessary to integrate climate change effects on PSESP into conservation planning in China. Here, ecological niche modelling is used to project current and future habitat distributions of six PSESP in China under climate change scenarios and conservation planning software is applied to identify priority conservation areas (PCAs) for these PSESP based on habitat distributions. These results were used to provide proposals for in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures directed at PSESP. It was found that annual precipitation was important for habitat distributions for all six PSESP (with the percentage contribution to habitat distributions ranging from 18.1 % to 74.9 %) and non-climatic variables including soil and altitude have a large effect on habitat suitability of PSESP. Large quantities of PCAs occurred within some provincial regions for these six PSESP (e.g. Sichuan and Jilin for the PSESP Cathaya argyrophylla, Taxus cuspidata, Annamocarya sinensis and Madhuca pasquieri), indicating that these are likely to be appropriate areas for in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures directed at these PSESP. Those nature reserves with large quantities of PCAs were identified as promising sites for in-situ conservation measures of PSESP; such reserves include Yangzie and Dongdongtinghu for C. argyrophylla, Songhuajiangsanhu and Changbaishan for T. cuspidata and Shiwandashanshuiyuanlian for Tsoongiodendron odorum. These results suggest that existing seed banks and botanical gardens occurring within identified PCAs should allocate more resources and space to ex-situ conservation of PSESP. In addition, there should be additional botanical gardens established for ex-situ conservation of PSESP in PCAs outside existing nature reserves. To address the risk of negative effects of climate change on PSESP, it is necessary to integrate in-situ and ex-situ conservation as well as climate change monitoring in PSESP conservation planning.

scholarly journals Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽  
José F. M. Valls ◽  
Aluana G. Abreu ◽  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

Conservation and Change: A Comparison of In situ and Ex situ Conservation of Jala Maize Germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Rice ◽  
Margaret E. Smith ◽  
Sharon E. Mitchell ◽  
Stephen Kresovich
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Maize Germplasm

In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Coconut Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Roland Bourdeix ◽  
Steve Adkins ◽  
Vincent Johnson ◽  
Lalith Perera ◽  
Sisunandar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Jelena Aleksic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Vitro Production

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.

Effects of a Proposed Ex Situ Conservation Program on In Situ Conservation of the Babirusa, an Endangered Suid

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Clayton ◽  
E. J. Milner‐Gulland ◽  
D. W. Sinaga ◽  
A. H. Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Program

Population Assessment of An Endemic Tree, Croton Scabiosus Bedd. (Euphorbiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
S. Salamma ◽  
A. Narayanaswamy ◽  
M. Naik ◽  
D. Veeranjaneyulu ◽  
M.V. Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Conservation Measures

The population of Croton scabiosus, an endemic tree species of southern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India was assessed through random sampling in 15 localities spread over 8 locations. In sampled 37.5 h area, a total of 8737 mature individuals of Croton scabiosus was recorded. Of the 8 locations, Sanipaya sub population was found stable and considered elite owing to the maximum number of mature individuals, girth and height. In spite of good adult population, low number of seedlings and saplings of the species across the native terrain indicates its poor germination and recruitment warranting both in situ and ex situ conservation measures.

scholarly journals Propagation of Threatened Nepenthes khasiana: Methods and Precautions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-315
Author(s):  
Jibankumar S. KHURAIJAM ◽  
Rup K. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Propagation Technique ◽  
Subsequent Propagation ◽  
Nepenthes Khasiana

Ex-situ conservation is an important key in the management of rare, endangered and threatened (RET) plant species and its effectiveness depends on several factors. Maintenance of viable germplasm and its subsequent propagation plays an important role in long term conservation of many RET species. Nepenthes khasiana is a rare and gravely threatened species in the wild due to over-collection and other threats. The species needs urgent in-situ and ex-situ conservation. Development of easy to propagate techniques would pave faster multiplication for its use of educational, medicinal and horticultural purpose. In the present paper, successful propagation technique of Nepenthes khasiana through seeds is demonstrated along with detailed information on precautions to be taken during the adoption of the techniques.

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