scholarly journals Groundwater contamination risk assessment based on advection-dispersion equation

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
Gelu Madear ◽  
Camelia Madear
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Advection Dispersion ◽  
Migration Pathways

Abstract The consequences of contaminated groundwater can seriously affect sustainable development; present and future generations being seriously affected by inadequate drinking water quality, loss of water supply, degraded surface water systems, high remediation costs, more expenses for other water supplies, and likely health issues. Therefore, an effective way to protect groundwater resources is by assessing the risk of groundwater contamination. An assessment of groundwater pollution should be performed to determine the level of risk posed by soil and groundwater contamination and establish if remediation strategies are required to protect controlled waters from site-derived contamination. Furthermore, if remediation is deemed necessary, site-specific remedial targets should be derived. A case study is presented, where a Conceptual Site Model was derived based on a “Source-Pathway-Receptor” exposure mechanism using historical information. Primary sources of contamination at the site are residual contamination within the soil and groundwater, and samples were collected from the site and tested in the laboratory; the concentration of water samples was compared to Romanian Drinking Water Standards. The following potential migration pathways have been identified: Leaching from soil and Migration of contaminated groundwater. The Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (DQRA) has modelled the leaching of contaminants from the site via infiltration and vertical migration to the groundwater and subsequent lateral groundwater migration, with dilution and attenuation process active, to the compliance point, using Ogata-Banks equation. The results of this assessment indicate that the concentration of contaminants does not represent a significant risk to controlled waters.

scholarly journals Monitoring and risk assessment for groundwater sources in rural communities of Romania (GROUNDWATERISK)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Teodora Moldovan ◽  
Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund ◽  
Horia Leonard Banciu ◽  
Alexandra Dinu Cucoș ◽  
Erika Andrea Levei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Ecosystems ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In the past 100 years, a decreasing rainfall trend has been recorded on Romanian territory, a trend that continues today. Therefore, realistic estimation of the groundwater resources is crucial, especially for the rural communities lacking the economic power to use alternative sources of drinking water. The groundwater sources used by rural communities in Romania generally originate directly from caves, wells or springs with no proper evaluation of the water quality. Groundwater is exposed to different pollutants, as bats' guano in caves, fertilizers in agricultural areas or livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, etc.) farms on the surface. On the other hand, the water extracted directly from inside the caves is affecting groundwater ecosystems, highly vulnerable to any human impact and neglected by European legislation so far. The project aims to monitor, during two consecutive years, groundwater sources with different degrees of above- and underground pollution, from different regions of Romania. To achieve the goals of the project, a multidisciplinary monitoring strategy that will include measurements of hydrological, physico-chemical and biological (microbiology and aquatic invertebrates’ assessment) parameters alongside the quantification of radon and stable isotopes, rainfall or possible inflows of water. The specific outcomes of this project are: i) to test, develop and validate a new, more rapid and efficient method for monitoring and risk assessment of groundwater sources – and not only – by using molecular techniques, and propose this method to the water agencies in Romania; ii) to propose for Romanian authorities to implement a harmonized coherent methodology to measure radon concentration in water, as a consequence of EURATOM Directive; and iii) to educate local communities that are using groundwater as source for drinking water and raise young people’s awareness on the benefits of ecosystem services provided by the groundwater.

Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment: Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water on the Hopi Lands

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blohm ◽  
Adam Carl ◽  
Greg Sehongva ◽  
Lori Joshweseoma ◽  
Robin Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment

scholarly journals How can the UK statutory Cryptosporidium monitoring be used for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Cryptosporidium in drinking water?

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. M. H. Smeets ◽  
J. C. van Dijk ◽  
G. Stanfield ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
G. J. Medema
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Full Benefit ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) is increasingly being used to complement traditional verification of drinking water safety through the absence of indicator bacteria. However, the full benefit of QMRA is often not achieved because of a lack of appropriate data on the fate and behaviour of pathogens. In the UK, statutory monitoring for Cryptosporidium has provided a unique dataset of pathogens directly measured in large volumes of treated drinking water. Using this data a QMRA was performed to determine the benefits and limitations of such state-of-the-art monitoring for risk assessment. Estimates of the risk of infection at the 216 assessed treatment sites ranged from 10−6.5 to 10−2.5 person−1 d−1. In addition, Cryptosporidium monitoring data in source water was collected at eight treatment sites to determine how Cryptosporidium removal could be quantified for QMRA purposes. Cryptosporidium removal varied from 1.8 to 5.2 log units and appeared to be related to source water Cryptosporidium concentration. Application of general removal credits can either over- or underestimate Cryptosporidium removal by full-scale sedimentation and filtration. State-of-the-art pathogen monitoring can identify poorly performing systems, although it is ineffective to verify drinking water safety to the level of 10-4 infections person−1 yr−1.

scholarly journals Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Groundwater Source Protection using a Process-Based Interdisciplinary Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Duda ◽  
Robert Zdechlik ◽  
Jarosław Kania
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Groundwater Source

Abstract Potable groundwater resources are under threat as a result of industrial development and an increase in fertilizer use. The protection of groundwater supply may require the establishment of groundwater source protection zones (GSPZ) to allow protective measures. The aim of this study has been to develop a new approach to groundwater source risk assessment (GSRA). The risk has been defined as the greatest of the risks identified for individual potential sources of contamination (PSCs). The risk resulting from a PSC is the combination of its adverse impact on groundwater, unwanted event probability, its adverse effect and annoyance for the population. A multi-criteria assessment has been designed to estimate the indices of potential groundwater impact of industrial facilities and non-inert waste landfills, using the range and weight method. The application of the approach proposed has been tested on an idealized model under three scenarios, involving various industrial PSCs and fertilization. The overall nitrogen load was compared to the maximum effective nitrogen load for the crops in question. The sensitivity analysis conducted for this methodology has revealed that the main factors affecting the risk to water supply are non-reactive contaminant mass load in PSC leachate and the ratio of groundwater volume abstracted from the wells to the amount of water flowing from PSCs to the wells, which determine the dilution degree of contaminant mass. This proposed interdisciplinary approach to GSRA should provide a robust basis for making decisions about GSPZ establishment and for the development of a groundwater risk analysis methodology.

Semi-quantitative risk assessment of groundwater resources for emergency water supply

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bozek ◽  
A. Bumbova ◽  
E. Bakos ◽  
A. Bozek ◽  
J. Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Emergency Water Supply

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Noroviruses in Drinking Water Based on Qualitative Data in Japan†

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (23) ◽  
pp. 7428-7433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Masago ◽  
Hiroyuki Katayama ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Eiji Haramoto ◽  
Atsushi Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Based
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