groundwater source
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2022 ◽  
Vol 964 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Quang Khai Ha ◽  
Mai Van Le Thi ◽  
Phu Le Vo ◽  
Hong Quan Nguyen ◽  
Abhijit Mukherjee

Abstract Groundwater serves as the major source for drinking water and the only fresh water source in the dry season in Ca Mau province, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The study is performed to assess groundwater quality in the area. Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), magnesium hazard (MH), sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI) combined with geostatistical tools were conducted by using groundwater quality data from 400 samples collected from private wells. GWQI values suggest that 7%, 63%, 28%, 2%, 1% of total samples are classified into excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable for drinking water. High Cl and TDS are the main cause of high GWQI values suggesting that saltwater intrusion deteriorates groundwater quality. For irrigation purposes, 4%, 17%, 36%, 43% of total samples classify into Good, Permissible, Doubtful, Unsuitable respectively by Na% indicator; 55.0%, 30.9%, 11.9%, 2.2% of total samples is Excellent, Good, Doubtful and Unsuitable according to SAR, 54% samples are unsuitable by MH index, and all samples are good by PI. This study provides useful information on groundwater quality for various purposes in Ca Mau province, that could help water management and water users to identify the necessary approach for groundwater protection and water-treatment methods before utilising the groundwater source for specific purposes in the study area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
Veljko Marinović ◽  
Branislav Petrović

Characterization of a karst system includes the analysis of two components – quantitative and qualitative one. Forecasting of future values of groundwater parameters can be very useful in defining the amounts of water needed for a reliable water supply. Stochastic simulation and forecasting were carried out for time series of precipitation and Mokra karst spring turbidity recorded in 2015. Simulation models within groundwater management would have a function in the early warning system which will enable timely response of groundwater source management.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3124
Author(s):  
Marzia Ciampittiello ◽  
Claudia Dresti ◽  
Helmi Saidi

Water availability is a crucial factor for the hydrological balance of sub-alpine shallow lakes and for their ecosystems. This is the first study on water balance and water management of Lake Candia, a small sub-alpine, shallow morainic lake. The aims of this paper are to better understand the link between surface water and groundwater. The analyses carried out included: (i) evaluation of water balance, (ii) identification of trends for each component of water balance, (iii) detection of the presence of a break point or change in the behavior of each component, and (iv) regression analyses of the terms of hydrological balance and their relative importance. The analyses revealed a high variability mainly regarding the groundwater component, and very good correlation between rainfall and volume variation, between rainfall and the water inflow, and between groundwater source and outflow. Volume variation is linked with rainfall, outflow, groundwater source, and surface water inflow. Despite the fact that the groundwater component does not seem to have a great importance relative to direct rainfall on the lake, it is necessary to study the component with careful resource management policies that point toward the protection of the water resource, sustainable uses, and protection of the Lake Candia ecosystem.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2095 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Qiujin Sun ◽  
Mingyu Shao

Abstract There have been few practical applications of solar coupled groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) systems in large public buildings, and data on this technology are scarce. A solar coupled GWHP system was investigated in this study. The system uses an underground water source heat pump system for heating in winter, cooling in summer, and providing part of the domestic hot water, and it also uses a solar energy system to prepare domestic hot water. These two types of energy are complementary. The system was tested throughout the cooling season. This experiment ran from May 10, 2021, to September 10, 2021. The results show that the system can guarantee the indoor design temperature and the supply of domestic hot water. The solar water heating system operated for 1233 min in the summer; hot water (2334 m3) was prepared. During the summer, the average energy efficiency ratio of the GWHP unit was approximately 4.88. The energy efficiency ratio of the entire system was approximately 3.34. Such projects can play a key role in demonstrating this type of system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ngai Chan ◽  
Cheuk Lam Tsang ◽  
Frederick Lee ◽  
Boyi Liu ◽  
Lishan Ran

High-gradient headwater streams are major participants in the carbon (C) cycle because of their capabilities of emitting a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2). Notwithstanding, their CO2 emissions have been largely overlooked in previous studies owing to their small water surface area and are sometimes strenuous to be measured because of their narrow channel widths and strong turbulence. This study examined the spatial and seasonal variabilities of CO2 dynamics of a subtropical steep headwater stream fed by groundwater. Our study found that the pH and dissolved oxygen exhibited a general increasing trend away from the source of the headwater whereas the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) showed a downward trend. The stream water pCO2 in the upper reach was found to be higher than the ambient level by 19–114 times, with an average drop of >70% at just 9.2 m from the groundwater source, demonstrating the potentially large emission of CO2 into the atmosphere within this short distance. Additionally, the sampling works conducted further downstream revealed that the CO2 derived from groundwater could almost completely dissipate within approximately half a kilometer downstream of the source. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and pCO2 were also lower during the period with lower air temperatures in the headwater stream, indicating temperature-dependent metabolism and decomposition of organic matter in soil might modulate the C dynamics in the headwater stream, although the rapid gas exchange along the stream remained the determinative factor. Our findings reassert that headwater streams are an essential source of CO2 and disregarding them from the studies of greenhouse gas emissions of inland waters would underestimate their potency to influence the global C cycle.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Sofia Berg ◽  
Mathilde Lepine ◽  
Emile Laymand ◽  
Xingguo Han ◽  
Stefano Bernasconi ◽  
...  

Although lake sediments are globally important organic carbon sinks and therefore important habitats for deep microbial life, the deep lacustrine biosphere has thus far been little studied compared to its marine counterpart. To investigate the impact of the underexplored deep lacustrine biosphere on the sediment geochemical environment and vice versa, we performed a comprehensive microbiological and geochemical characterization of a sedimentary sequence from Lake Cadagno covering its entire environmental history since formation following glacial retreat. We found that both geochemical gradients and microbial community shifts across the ~13.5 kyr subsurface sedimentary record reflect redox changes in the lake, going from oxic to anoxic and sulfidic. Most microbial activity occurs within the top 40 cm of sediment, where millimolar sulfate concentrations diffusing in from the bottom water are completely consumed. In deeper sediment layers, organic carbon remineralization is much slower but microorganisms nonetheless subsist on fermentation, sulfur cycling, metal reduction, and methanogenesis. The most surprising finding was the presence of a deep, oxidizing groundwater source. This water source generates an inverse redox gradient at the bottom of the sedimentary sequence and could contribute to the remineralization of organic matter sequestered in the energy-limited deep subsurface.


Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-64
Author(s):  
Dana Sirota ◽  
Jeffrey Shragge ◽  
Richard Krahenbuhl ◽  
Andrei Swidinsky ◽  
John Bradford ◽  
...  

Insufficient access to safe drinking water is one of the most challenging global humanitarian issues. The development of low-cost microcontrollers and the widespread availability of cheap electronics components raise the possibility of developing and using low-cost geophysical instrumentation with open-source designs and software solutions to circumvent geophysical instrumentation capital cost issues. To these ends, we alter an existing low-cost DC resistivity meter design and develop an optional modular Raspberry Pi data-logging system to improve the unit's functionality, usability and to ensure data integrity. Numerical modeling and physical testing demonstrates that the system is more robust than previously published low-cost designs and works in a more diverse range of geological scenarios - especially conductive environments. Our instrument was tested in a Geoscientists Without Borders (GWB) project jointly run between researchers from Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and Universit矤'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Benin. A key project component involved CSM and UAC students constructing and validating two low-cost DC resistivity meters and then using these instruments for fieldwork aimed at better characterizing and monitoring the health of a local aquifer used as a groundwater source for communities in the Cotonou region. The low-cost instruments were successfully used alongside a commercial resistivity meter to acquire data for 2D inversion of aquifer hydrostratigraphy , indicating the presence of a clay-sand contact. The cost of the redesigned instrument and data logger respectively are $177 and $108 (in 2021 USD) with future cost reductions possible, which are fractions of the price of commercial resistivity meters.


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