Flying high

Physics World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 3iii-3iii

Researchers have discovered that radiation doses in aeroplanes during periods of increased cosmic-ray intensity at ground level do not pose a threat to health.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Wilson ◽  
D. C. Rose ◽  
Margaret D. Wilson

Three small increases in cosmic-ray intensity, observed in high counting rate neutron monitors in Canada, are described and the results examined in relation to the impact zone effect with particular reference to recent studies by McCracken. Pronounced impact zone effects were observed during the July 18, 1961, event, the largest of these three increases, while the September 3, 1960, event showed no such effects. Considerations of the state of the interplanetary magnetic fields at these times show that these results are consistent with McCracken's explanations. The sharp rise to maximum of the July 20, 1961, increase would suggest strong impact zone effects, but such conclusions that can be drawn from the limited data and the small magnitude of the increase suggest that it does not conform with the usual pattern.


Author(s):  
Liudmila Trefilova ◽  
Pavel G. Kobelev ◽  
Anatoly V. Belov ◽  
Eugenia A. Eroshenko ◽  
Anaid A. Melkumyan ◽  
...  

In May 2019 there was a long and sloping decreasing of cosmic ray’s intensity (up to ~4%), which was observed on neutron monitors. Despite this was a small decreasing compared to quasi-eleven-period variation, it stands out well in 24th cycle of solar activity. According to LASCO/SOHO and STEREO-A data from spectrometer in different UHF bands and from coronograph, there was a series of CMEs which affected on modulation of cosmic rays by creating a series of Forbush decrea - sing, which didn’t restore. This series was connected to two active regions on sun and began on April 30 from “reversed halo” CME. This CME didn’t reach the earth, but led to significant additional modulation of cosmic rays, mostly on east side. Later there was a series of smaller CMEs on May 1-6, which also didn’t reach the earth, but were gradually approaching to Earth. Recent CMEs on 8-9 and 12-13 created a normal Forbush decreasing. In May 2019, cosmic rays shown again, that they can collect information about distant objects of geliosphere and transmit it to Earth. The ground-level detectors sometimes can observe an interaction of interplanetary distur- bances, which didn‘t reach the earth. East CMEs are especially effective, because they closing magnetic field lines beyond the orbit of earth and can interfere the restoring of cosmic ray’s intensity.


2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. AL-THOYAIB

The ground level enhancement (GLE) of 14 July 2000 observed in the cosmic ray intensity has been examined. The event was recorded only by neutron monitors. It has a complex intensity-time structure. The northern hemisphere stations (Thule, Goose Bay, and Oulu) recorded abrupt increases earlier by 10 minutes than those in the southern hemisphere. Due to the difference in sensitivity at rigidity less than ~3 GV, the considered detectors recorded different increases in count rates relative to galactic cosmic ray background. This paper presents the study of GLE associated with the X5.7 solar flare. The rapid change of arriving particles were anisotropic during the onset of the event; it become isotropic during the declining phase of the event, where only low energy protons remained. In addition, the observations of energetic solar particles and interplanetary parameters have been examined.


1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Fenton ◽  
K. B. Fenton ◽  
J. E. Humble

Solar flares for which protons of relativistic energies reach Earth are rare events compared with the number in which non-relativistic protons are produced. For instance, Shea and Smart (1978) have listed 139 proton events for the interval 1955-69 of which 17 were GLE’s (i.e. “ground level events” detected by the world network of cosmic ray neutron monitors). We have tentatively identified a further 11 GLE’s in the interval 1970-1977, of which 3 were in 1977 in the sunspot cycle which commenced about mid-1976 (cycle 21). Thus the average rate over the past two solar cycles has been a little over one per year.


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