Short Communication: Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Remain a Challenge in the Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia C. Smibert ◽  
Jason A. Trubiano ◽  
Gail B. Cross ◽  
Jennifer F. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

scholarly journals Soft tissue abscess and lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium Complex as an expression of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after a second scheme of highly active antiretroviral therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Corti ◽  
María F. Villafañe ◽  
Marta Ambroggi ◽  
Mirna Sawicki ◽  
Elisa Gancedo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an atypical and unexpected reaction related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. IRIS includes an atypical response to an opportunistic pathogen (generally Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, cytomegalovirus and herpes varicella-zoster), in patients responding to HAART with a reduction of plasma viral load and evidence of immune restoration based on increase of CD4+ T-cell count. We reported a case of a patient with AIDS which, after a first failure of HAART, developed a subcutaneous abscess and supraclavicular lymphadenitis as an expression of IRIS due to Mycobacterium avium complex after starting a second scheme of HAART.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium complex suppurative parotitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection presenting with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1365-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahir Osman Eltahir Babiker ◽  
Christine Beeston ◽  
Janet Purcell ◽  
Niranjan Desai ◽  
Andrew Ustianowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Restoration of the immune system following initiation of antiretroviral therapy can result in an adverse phenomenon known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Herein, we report a case of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) suppurative parotitis associated with IRIS in a patient with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MAC parotitis in the setting of IRIS and clinicians should be aware of this condition.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunologic predictors of Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a contemporary cohort of patients with HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly F Breglio ◽  
Caian L Vinhaes ◽  
María B Arriaga ◽  
Martha Nason ◽  
Gregg Roby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract Background Patients with HIV (PWH) can present with new or worsening symptoms associated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation as MAC immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (MAC-IRIS). In this study, we assessed the utility of several laboratory tests as predictors of MAC-IRIS. Methods PWH with clinical and histologic and/or microbiologic evidence of MAC-IRIS were identified and followed up to 96 weeks post-ART initiation within a prospective study of 206 ART-naïve patients with CD4 <100 cells/µL. Results Fifteen (7.3%) patients presented with MAC-IRIS within a median interval of 26 days after ART initiation. Patients who developed MAC-IRIS had lower BMI, lower hemoglobin levels, a higher alkaline phosphatase and increased CD38 frequency and MFI on CD8 + T-cells, at the time of ART initiation compared to non-MAC IRIS patients. A decision tree inference model revealed that stratifying patients based on levels of alkaline phosphatase and D-dimer could predict the likelihood of MAC-IRIS. A binary logistic regression demonstrated that higher levels of alkaline phosphatase at baseline were associated with increased risk of MAC-IRIS development. Conclusions High alkaline phosphatase levels and increased CD8 + T-cell activation with low CD4 counts at ART initiation should warrant suspicion for subsequent development of MAC-IRIS.

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