Anterior Pituitary Hormone Abnormalities following Traumatic Brain Injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Schneider ◽  
Harald Jörn Schneider ◽  
Günter Karl Stalla
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone

Hypothalamic-anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies following traumatic brain injury in dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murtagh ◽  
L. Arrol ◽  
R. Goncalves ◽  
N. Granger ◽  
A. J. German ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone

Anterior pituitary dysfunction 3 months after traumatic brain injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schneider ◽  
HJ Schneider ◽  
F von Rosen ◽  
B Husemann ◽  
B Saller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction

scholarly journals THE HYPOPHYSIS AND SECRETION OF INSULIN

1942 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Houssay ◽  
V. G. Foglia ◽  
F. S. Smyth ◽  
C. T. Rietti ◽  
A. B. Houssay
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone

The ability of the pancreas, from various types of dogs, to correct diabetic hyperglycemia has been studied (Table XI). The pancreas from one animal was united by a vascular union with the neck blood vessels of another dog which had been pancreatectomized for 20 hours. The time necessary to reduce the blood sugar level to 120 mg. per cent was determined. 1. Pancreas from 6 hypophysectomized dogs produced a normal insulin secretion, showing that an anterior pituitary hormone is not necessary for its production or maintenance. 2. In 14 of 17 normal dogs given anterior pituitary extract for 3 or more consecutive days and presenting diabetes (fasting blood sugar 150 mg. per cent or more) the pancreas showed diminished insulin production. 3. In animals which remained diabetic after discontinuing the injections of hypophyseal extract, the pancreas islands were markedly pathologic and the insulin secretion was practically nil. 4. When hyperglycemia existed on the 2nd to 5th day but fell later, the insulin secretion of 5 dogs was normal in 2, supernormal in 1, and less than normal in 2. Histologic examination showed a restoration of beta cells. 5. In 14 dogs resistant to the diabetogenic action of anterior pituitary extract, as shown by little or no change in blood sugar, the pancreatic secretion of insulin was normal in 6 cases, supernormal in 3, and subnormal in 5 cases. Clear signs of hyperfunction of B cells were observed. In 6 resistant animals a high blood sugar (150 mg. per cent) appeared shortly before transplanting, but insulin secretion was normal in 4, supernormal in 1, and subnormal in 1 case. 6. With one injection of extract and 1 day of hyperglycemia the capacity of the pancreas to secrete insulin was not altered. 7. A high blood sugar level lasting 4 days does not alter the islets. The hypophyseal extract acts, therefore, by some other mechanism. In normal dogs, the continuous intravenous infusion of glucose for 4 days maintained the blood sugar at levels as high as those after pituitary extract. In these animals the B cells were hyperplastic and insulin secretion normal. 8. Anterior hypophyseal hyperglycemia is due at first to extrapancreatic factors which are the most important, and last only during the injections of extracts. Pancreatic factors appear afterwards and are responsible for permanent diabetes. Hypophyseal extract produces histological changes in many tissues and damages the Langerhans islands. The coexistent high blood sugar probably exhausts the B cells and exaggerates their injury. 9. In all cases there is a relation between the cytology of the islet B cells and the insulin secreting capacity.

scholarly journals Paediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Disease: Long-Term Sequelae in the Hypothalamic Endocrine System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Elisa Vaiani ◽  
Guido Felizzia ◽  
Fabiana Lubieniecki ◽  
Jorge Braier ◽  
Alicia Belgorosky
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder of the mononuclear phagocyte system that can affect almost any organ and system. The most common central nervous system (CNS) manifestation in LCH is the infiltration of the hypothalamic-pituitary region leading to destruction and neurodegeneration of CNS tissue. The latter causes the most frequent endocrinological manifestation, that is, central diabetes insipidus (CDI), and less often anterior pituitary hormone deficiency (APD). The reported incidence of CDI is estimated between 11.5 and 24% and is considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease and APD. Three risk factors for development of CDI are recognized in the majority of the studies: (1) multisystem disease, (2) the occurrence of reactivations or active disease for a prolonged period, and (3) the presence of craniofacial bone lesions. Since CDI may occur as the first manifestation of LCH, differential diagnosis of malignant diseases like germ cell tumours must be made. APD is almost always associated with CDI and can appear several years after the diagnosis of CDI. Growth hormone is the most commonly affected anterior pituitary hormone. Despite significant advances in the knowledge of LCH in recent years, little progress has been made in preventing long-term sequelae such as those affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

Differential Effects of Opiate Peptides and Alkaloids on Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Delitala ◽  
Ashley Grossman ◽  
Michael Besser
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Opiate Peptides
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document