Prevalence of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus and Its Coinfection Rate in Heilongjiang Province in China from 2013 to 2018

Porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2 can cause reproductive failure in pigs, and swine are often simultaneously infected by combinations of the three viruses. We here report the development of a SYBR Green I-based multiplex real time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2. Three pairs of specific primers were designed for the porcine parvovirus-VP2, porcine pseudorabies virus-gH and porcine circovirus type 2-ORF2 genes. Viral genomes were identified based on their distinctive melting temperatures in singleplex PCR reactions. The melting temperature was 74.5 °C for the 313 bp amplicon of porcine parvovirus-VP2 gene, 87.5 °C for the 355 bp amplicon of porcine pseudorabies virus-gH gene and 80.5 °C for the 171 bp amplicon of the porcine circovirus type 2-ORF2 gene, respectively. The detection limit of the method ranged from 0.01–0.03 TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml for the three viruses. In addition, porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2 viral loads were measured in 100 field samples, and the result showed that the concordance between real-time PCR and conventional PCR was 60.42%. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR were 100% and 100%, while those of conventional PCR were 40.83% and 72.22%, respectively.

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Efficacy of the Bartha-K61 vaccine and a gE−/gI−/TK− prototype vaccine against variant porcine pseudorabies virus (vPRV) in piglets with sublethal challenge of vPRV

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 16-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin Wang ◽

Xiang Cui ◽

Xiaobo Wang ◽

Wanbin Wang ◽

Song Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Porcine Pseudorabies Virus

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Epidemiological investigation of porcine pseudorabies virus and its coinfection rate in Shandong Province in China from 2015 to 2018

Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Zicheng Ma ◽

Zifeng Han ◽

Zhaohu Liu ◽

Fanliang Meng ◽

Hongyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Epidemiological Investigation ◽

Porcine Pseudorabies Virus

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Effect of porcine circovirus type 2 on the severity of lung and brain damage in piglets infected with porcine pseudorabies virus

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 237 ◽

pp. 108394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xue Zhang ◽

Xianghua Shu ◽

Huayi Bai ◽

Wengui Li ◽

Xin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Porcine Pseudorabies Virus

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Identification of linear B cell epitope on gB, gC, and gE proteins of porcine pseudorabies virus using monoclonal antibodies

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 234 ◽

pp. 83-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Panpan Zhang ◽

Lin Lv ◽

Haifeng Sun ◽

Shihai Li ◽

Hui Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

B Cell ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Cell Epitope ◽

B Cell Epitope ◽

Porcine Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Linear B

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Prevalence of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus and Its Coinfection Rate in Heilongjiang Province in China from 2013 to 2018

10.21203/rs.2.12447/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Han Zhou ◽

Yan Pan ◽

Mengda Liu ◽

Zifeng Han

Keyword(s):

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Heilongjiang Province ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pig Farms

Abstract Background Pseudorabies (PR) is a highly contagious disease affecting a wide range of animals worldwide, which causes great annual economic losses in China. In this study, a total number of 18815 serum samples and 1589 tissue samples were tested by ELISA and PCR, which were collected from 311 intensive pig farms (≥350 sows) located in eight cities in Heilongjiang province. Results Overall, 16.3% and 84.5% serum samples were positive for gE- and gB-specified ELISA, respectively. 17.8% of tissue samples were shown as PCR positive for PRV. The co-infection rates of PRV with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were measured. The rate of PRV co-infected with PRRSV was 36.0% followed by 12.9% with PCV2 and 1.8% with CSFV, respectively. Conclusions These results clearly demonstrate PRV prevalence and its coinfection rate in Heilongjiang province indicating high PR endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides data for further epidemiological investigations and a reference for developing PRV control strategies in this region and in China.

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Pseudorabies virus inhibits type I and type III interferon-induced signaling via proteasomal degradation of Janus kinases

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00793-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Yin ◽

Nicolás Romero ◽

Herman W. Favoreel

Keyword(s):

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Proteasomal Degradation ◽

Janus Kinase ◽

Host Cells ◽

Genome Replication ◽

Type I ◽

Janus Kinases ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iii Ifn ◽

Porcine Pseudorabies Virus

Both type I and III interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in host antiviral response by activating the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling pathway to trigger the expression of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). We report that the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) triggers proteasomal degradation of the key Janus kinases Jak1 and to a lesser exent Tyk2, thereby inhibiting both type I and III IFN-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and suppressing IFN-induced expression of ISGs. UV-inactivated PRV did not interfere with IFN signaling. In addition, deletion of the EP0 gene from the PRV genome or inhibition of viral genome replication did not affect PRV-induced inhibition of IFN signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing Janus kinase degradation by alphaherpesviruses. These findings thus reveal a novel alphaherpesvirus evasion mechanism of type I and type III IFNs. IMPORTANCE Type I and III IFNs trigger signaling via Janus kinases that phosphorylate and activate STAT transcription factors, leading to the expression of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that result in an antiviral state of host cells. Viruses have evolved various mechanisms to evade this response. Our results indicate that an alphaherpesvirus, the porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), inhibits both type I and III IFNs signaling pathways by triggering proteasome-dependent degradation of the key Janus kinases Jak1 and Tyk2 and consequent inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and suppression of ISG expression. Moreover, we found that this inhibition is not caused by incoming virions and does not depend on expression of the viral EP0 protein or viral true late proteins. These data for the first time address alphaherpesvirus evasion of type III IFN-mediated signaling and reveal a previously uncharacterized alphaherpesvirus mechanism of IFN evasion via proteasomal degradation of Janus kinases.

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