The Impact of Individuals

No single foreign or domestic power was able to exercise control over events in Yemen, which created an opportunity for many to have a lasting presence in South Arabia. Three individuals, in particular, made inroads in Yemen that impacted the course of the civil war and the future of the country: Bruce Condé, an eclectic American philatelist, became postmaster general of Imam al-Badr’s tribal areas and singlehandedly brought tribal nonstate actors a level of international legitimacy. André Rochat brought the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to Yemen for the first time and played an important role in royalist healthcare and the adoption of Geneva Conventions in Yemen. Dr. James Young led a group of Southern Baptist missionaries in founding a modern Western hospital in the rural village of Jibla, amidst one of the most religiously conservative societies in the world.

UN Peacekeeping Operations: Applicability of International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility for Operations-Related Damage

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2555303 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 406-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Daphna Shraga

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

International Humanitarian Law ◽

Humanitarian Law ◽

Peacekeeping Operations ◽

Geneva Conventions ◽

Un Peacekeeping ◽

The United Nations ◽

In the five decades that followed the Korea operation, where for the first time the United Nations commander agreed, at the request of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), to abide by the humanitarian provisions of the Geneva Conventions, few UN operations lent themselves to the applicability of international humanitarian law

The International Committee in the Yemen

10.1017/s0020860400015242 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 3 (24) ◽

pp. 146-148

Keyword(s):

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

Geneva Conventions ◽

A mission of the International Committee of the Red Cross has recently stayed in Sanaa. This is the first time that representatives of the ICRC have visited the capital of the Yemen, where they were given a warm and friendly welcome.The delegates of the ICRC, Mr. Roger Du Pasquier and Mr. Joseph Gasser, were received by Marshal Abdallah Sallal, President of the Arab Republic of the Yemen, who undertook to have the principles of the Geneva Conventions respected. The Chief of State in principle agreed to transmit to Geneva lists of prisoners taken by his troops.

Protection of Civilian Populations Against the Dangers of Indiscriminate Warfare

10.1017/s002086040008253x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 7 (75) ◽

pp. 300-311

Author(s):

Samuel A. Gonard

Keyword(s):

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

International Conference ◽

Geneva Conventions ◽

The Hague

We have the honour of enclosing the text of a memorandum dated May 19, 1967, addressed by the International Committee of the Red Cross to the Governments of States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and to the IVth Convention of The Hague of 1907, concerning the laws and customs of war on land. This memorandum bears on the protection of civilian populations against the dangers of indiscriminate warfare and, in particular, on the implementation of Resolution XXVIII of the XXth International Conference of the Red Cross.

ICRC surgical activities

10.1017/s0020860400070145 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 31 (284) ◽

pp. 483-490

Author(s):

Rémi Russbach ◽

Robin Charles Gray ◽

Robin Michael Coupland

Keyword(s):

Armed Conflict ◽

Armed Forces ◽

International Committee ◽

Medical Services ◽

Red Cross ◽

Main Role ◽

Army Medical ◽

The surgical activities of the International Committee of the Red Cross stem from the institution's general mandate to protect and assist the victims of armed conflict.The war wounded are thus only one category of the victims included in the ICRC's terms of reference.The ICRC's main role in relation to the war wounded is not to treat them, for this is primarily the responsibility of the governments involved in the conflict and hence their army medical services. The task of the ICRC is first and foremost to ensure that the belligerents are familiar with the provisions of the Geneva Conventions and apply them, that is, care for members of the enemy armed forces as well as their own and afford medical establishments and personnel the protection to which they are entitled.

Further participation in the Geneva Conventions

10.1017/s0020860400082747 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 8 (89) ◽

pp. 406-406

Keyword(s):

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

International Review ◽

In its number for June 1968, the International Review mentioned that 118 States were parties to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949. Since then, the International Committee of the Red Cross has been informed by the Federal Political Department in Berne of the participation by the Kingdom of Lesotho in these Conventions.

The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions of 1949

Humanizing the Laws of War ◽

10.1017/9781316759967.003 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 27-56

Author(s):

Robert Heinsch

Keyword(s):

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

A Winding Road to the Additional Protocols (1950–1968)

Lawmaking under Pressure ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501752582.003.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 98-129

Author(s):

Giovanni Mantilla

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Armed Conflict ◽

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

Legal Rules ◽

Geneva Conventions ◽

The United Nations

This chapter traces the events that followed the adoption of Common Article 3 (CA3) in 1949 until 1968. It analyzes formal debates that resurfaced in the United Nations (UN) about revising and developing the international legal rules for armed conflict, which lead to the negotiation of the two Additional Protocols (APs) that complement the 1949 Geneva Conventions. It also explains how the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) rested on its laurels through the extension of CA3 on situations of internal violence that could not be plausibly characterized as armed conflict. The chapter mentions ICRC activities between 1950 and the mid-1960s that reveal persistent efforts to make up for the operation of CA3 in the gray zones. It examines interruption of the reflection of the ICRC by episodes of frustration and abuse that involve concerns about detained persons in diverse internal violent contexts.

Revisiting the Memory of Solferino: Knowledge Production and the Laws of War

10.1093/oso/9780192847539.003.0015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 256-275

Author(s):

Eyal Benvenisti ◽

Doreen Lustig

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

19Th Century ◽

Knowledge Production ◽

Agenda Setting ◽

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

Laws Of War ◽

History Of ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

During the course of the second half of the 19th century, the rules regulating the conduct of armies during hostilities were internationally codified for the first time. The conventional narrative attributes the codification of the laws of war to the campaign of civil society, especially that of the founders of the Red Cross—Henry Dunant and Gustav Moynier. In what follows, we problematize this narrative and trace the construction of this knowledge. We explore how the leading figures of the Red Cross, who were aware of the shortcomings of their project, were nonetheless invested in narrating its history as a history of success. Their struggle to control the narrative would eventually confer the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) with considerable interpretive and agenda-setting authority in the realm of the laws of war. We dwell on the meaning of this conscious exercise in knowledge production and its normative ramifications.

International Committee for the Red Cross: Status of Four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols I and II

International Legal Materials ◽

10.1017/s0020782900022555 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 553-560

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

International Committee ◽

Prisoners Of War ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Red Cross ◽

The four 1949 Geneva Conventions (for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field, for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea, relative to the treatment of prisoners of war, and relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war) can be found at 6 UST 3114, 3217, 3316, 3516 and 75 UNTS 31, 85, 135, 287. The two 1977 Protocols (I – relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts and II – relating to the protection of victims of noninternational armed conflicts) appear respectively at 16 I.L.M. 1391 and 1442 (1977).

The ICRC and internally displaced persons

10.1017/s0020860400090598 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (305) ◽

pp. 181-191

Keyword(s):

Armed Conflict ◽

International Committee ◽

Red Cross ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Geneva Conventions ◽

Conflict Situations ◽

Article 5

According to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the 1977 Protocols additional thereto, the mandate of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) applies in both international and noninternational armed conflict situations. The States party to the Geneva Conventions have also recognized the ICRC's right to propose activities in behalf of victims of internal strife, by adopting the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (Article 5, para. 2d, of the Statutes).