Computer Acquisition and Analysis of Insect Feeding Monitor Data

1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1231
Author(s):  
Steven Noyes ◽  
David C. Margolies ◽  
John C. Reese ◽  
Alfred Dixon ◽  
Paula Bramel-Cox
HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 526d-526
Author(s):  
M. Freeman ◽  
C. Walters ◽  
M.A. Thorpe ◽  
T. Gradziel

Almond, as with other stone fruit, possesses a highly lignified endocarp or shell. The dominant hard-shelled trait (D-) is positively associated with greater resistant to insect infestation than nuts expressing the paper-shelled (dd) trait. Hard-shelled genotypes have undesirable effects, including a lower kernel meat-to-nut crack-out ratio, greater kernel damage during mechanical shelling, and a reduction in plant energy available to kernel development. Histogenic analysis shows that the almond endocarp, unlike peach, has a tri-partite structure. Insect feeding studies have subsequently demonstrated that the inner endocarp layer, which is similar in both hard and paper-shelled types, is the most important structural barrier to insect infestation. Shell-seal integrity and X-ray studies have confirmed that discontinuities at the inner endocarp suture seal are the primary, though not the sole site of entry for insect pests. Paper-shelled almond selections with highly lignified and well-sealed inner endocarps show resistance levels comparable to hard shelled types but with crack-out ratios 30% to 40% higher. Pseudo-paper-shelled types have also been selected, in which a highly lignified outer endocarp is formed, but is retained by the fruit hull at dehiscence. An understanding of endocarp morphology and development is thus important in breeding for insect resistance as well as the commercial utilization of both kernel and hull.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2362
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Koutsos ◽  
Georgios C. Menexes ◽  
Andreas P. Mamolos

Agricultural fields have natural within-field soil variations that can be extensive, are usually contiguous, and are not always traceable. As a result, in many cases, site-specific attention is required to adjust inputs and optimize crop performance. Researchers, such as agronomists, agricultural engineers, or economists and other scientists, have shown increased interest in performing yield monitor data analysis to improve farmers’ decision-making concerning the better management of the agronomic inputs in the fields, while following a much more sustainable approach. In this case, spatial analysis of crop yield data with the form of spatial autocorrelation analysis can be used as a practical sustainable approach to locate statistically significant low-production areas. The resulted insights can be used as prescription maps on the tractors to reduce overall inputs and farming costs. This aim of this work is to present the benefits of conducting spatial analysis of yield crop data as a sustainable approach. Current work proves that the implementation of this process is costless, easy to perform and provides a better understanding of the current agronomic needs for better decision-making within a short time, adopting a sustainable approach.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Lucas Carnohan ◽  
Sang-Bin Lee ◽  
Nan-Yao Su

Effective active ingredients in toxicant bait formulations must be non-deterrent to insect feeding behavior at lethal concentrations. This study evaluated feeding deterrence for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, C. gestroi (Wasmann), and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) when provided access to cellulose impregnated with various concentrations of the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Termites were exposed to 20E concentrations of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm and to noviflumuron at 5000 ppm in a 24 h choice-test, and the mass of substrate consumption from treated and untreated media pads was compared for each treatment. 20E feeding deterrence was detected at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm for C. gestroi, and at 2000 ppm for C. formosanus. No significant differences in consumption of treated and untreated substrate was detected at any concentration for R. flavipes. Potential methods for reducing deterrence are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (4) ◽  
pp. 5675-5691
Author(s):  
O Okike ◽  
J A Alhassan ◽  
E U Iyida ◽  
A E Chukwude

ABSTRACT Short-term rapid depressions in Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux, historically referred to as Forbush decreases (FDs), have long been recognized as important events in the observation of cosmic ray (CR) activity. Although theories and empirical results on the causes, characteristics, and varieties of FDs have been well established, detection of FDs, from either isolated detectors' or arrays of neutron monitor data, remains a subject of interest. Efforts to create large catalogues of FDs began in the 1990s and have continued to the present. In an attempt to test some of the proposed CR theories, several analyses have been conducted based on the available lists. Nevertheless, the results obtained depend on the FD catalogues used. This suggests a need for an examination of consistency between FD catalogues. This is the aim of the present study. Some existing lists of FDs, as well as FD catalogues developed in the current work, were compared, with an emphasis on the FD catalogues selected by the global survey method (GSM). The Forbush effects and interplanetary disturbances database (FEID), created by the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), is the only available comprehensive and up to date FD catalogue. While there are significant disparities between the IZMIRAN FD and other event lists, there is a beautiful agreement between FDs identified in the current work and those in the FEID. This may be a pointer to the efficiency of the GSM and the automated approach to FD event detection presented here.


2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Frąckowiak ◽  
Katarzyna Ochalik ◽  
Agata Białońska ◽  
Zbigniew Ciunik ◽  
Czesław Wawrzeńczyk ◽  
...  

Nature ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 232 (5310) ◽  
pp. 402-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GILL ◽  
C. T. LEWIS

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Brimble ◽  
MT Brimble ◽  
R Hodges ◽  
GA Lane

The synthesis of 2-methylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(2H)-one (2) present in the insect feeding deterrent peramine (1) through oxidation of the saturated lactam (3) is described. The preparation of the related 6- methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7(6H)-one (12) through a Lewis-acid- catalysed cyclization of the amide acetal (7) is also described.


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