The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment in the fight against diseases of grain sorghum

The aim of this work is to investigate the composition of pathogenic mycoflora on seeds of grain sorghum in the Samara region and to study the effectiveness of dressing agents against pathogens in laboratory conditions. Research methodology and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of innovative technologies in breeding, seed production and seed science of the Volga NIISS, a branch of the SamSC RAS. The objects of research were two varieties of grain sorghum Ros’ and Kinel’skoe 63. Determination of the population of seeds by pathogenic organisms was carried out by the method of a wet chamber with their preliminary placement on corrugated filter paper in boxes with natural ventilation using the technique according to GOST 12044-93 and subsequent microscopy. To study the effect of plant protection chemicals, the seeds were treated with moisture (at the rate of 10 l/tons) with preparations of contact-systemic action Celeste Maks and Vitaros; contact – TMTD and Maksim; and systemic action - Armor. Untreated seeds were used as a control. The repetition is fourfold. Results. Correct diagnosis and knowledge of the causes of the onset of the disease, the peculiarities of the development of a particular pathogen will be the basis for the successful implementation of protective and preventive measures. Phytopathological examination of grain sorghum seeds, carried out by us in 2019–2020, shows that the most common fungi found on grain sorghum seeds are Cladosporium sp., Trichothecium roseum, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. It has been established that dressing agents with varying efficiency – from 75.8 to 97.6 % reduce the contamination of seed material. Scientific novelty. A phytopathological assessment of grain sorghum seeds was carried out in relation to the conditions of the Samara region and the most effective preparations for pre-sowing treatment of grain sorghum were determined to reduce the damage to plants by diseases.

State security as a result of systemic action

The state is an organization that functions in a systemic way. It is the function of the state to ensure its security. It is ensured by collective actions of the constituent elements of the state. The main elements of the state ensuring its security are public administration entities. It is they who, as part of efficient collective actions, create conditions for the undisturbed development of the state organization.

The system of objective economic laws in the realities of systematic-subjective economic lawlessness

The article reveals the differences of systemic action of the laws of the social form of material world from the action of the laws determining the motion of the four natural forms of matter. The author shows the difference between the consequences of violating natural and social laws. The meaningful understanding of the category "economic law" is deepened and the general list of the system of objective economic laws is specified. The author structurizes the main classification groups of laws, which are united based on the most typical features. According to the criteria of system weight, as well as essential content and spatio-temporal coordinates of the regulatory action, four block-type groups of laws are distinguished. The author singles out differentiated subgroups of laws, which are united by six system-specific features. The article shows the destructive nature of "scientific" dogmas of financial-and-debt "liberal-monetarism". Revealed the encouraging motivation that determines the dominant behavior of the current global monopoly capital, which is aimed at destroying the systemic action of the mechanisms of the laws of market economy. In particular, the author shows the ways of destruction of the mechanism of action of the law of value and laws of money circulation which provide the equivalent character of commodity production and exchange. Displayed specific manifestations of systemic and subjective lawlessness prevailing in the system of monetary and financial-debt relations at the global and national-state levels. The author assesses the consequences of financial and credit expansion for countries with different development levels in the capitalist mode of production leading to suffocation of national economies by the international monopolies by forming an unbearable burden of servicing foreign borrowings and withdrawal of invaluable land and other natural resources into private ownership of global corporate-monopolistic creditors.

Pharmacovigilance in Neuroscience

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have a high impact on morbidity and mortality of the population, becoming a public health issue. Studying and publishing about these is referred as pharmacovigilance.Objective: To describe and compare the adverse reactions produced by drugs of nervous system action (CNS-D) and neurological ADRs produced by drugs of systemic action (Sys-D). To further develop the need of reporting adverse reactions. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study performed on a database of neurological consultations which took place at the Neurology department. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into two groups: Sys-D and CNS-D. Demographic and neurological variables were analyzed. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were used according to distribution. The Naranjo Algorithm (NA) was used to define causality.Results: 71 ADRs were described, from which 63.38% (n=45) were produced by CNS-D, especially antiepileptics by 47% (n=21) and psycholeptics by 44%. Of the total, 36.62% (n=26) were caused by Sys-D, such as antineoplastics (n=9) and antibiotics (n=9), being Cefepime the most frequent. The diagnosis of ADRs caused by a Sys-D was delayed prolonging hospitalization (p 0.05) due to a lower NA score (p 0.003) compared to the CNS-D group.Conclusion: Multiple frequently used drugs of systemic action, such as antineoplastics and antibiotics, generate neurological adverse effects. From our analysis, it was presumed that the suspicion of a neurological ADR caused by these drugs was scarce, thus causing a higher morbidity for the patient.

MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC INJURIES OF PATIENTS AFFECT-ED BY COVID-19

After the first report of an outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome in China in December 2019, a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified. Despite to the high number of cases and deaths, limited information is available regarding the pathogenesis and injuries caused by the new coronavirus. This study aims to carry out a literature review concerning the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the disease, since the progression of the disease is closely related to the viral action and the cellular and tissue response in the lesions caused by it. In conclusion COVID-19 is a disease that can affect all types of body tissues. The lesions affect mainly the pulmonary parenchyma and are usually macroscopically observed as consolidation areas, and histologically as plasmacytic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and with neutrophil infiltration, already observed lesions outside the lung are mainly due to the inflammatory action of lymphocytes and histiocytes, and to the intense production of cytokines with systemic action

Recombinant Bispecific Antibodies to the Human ErbB2 Receptor and Interferon-Beta

The development of and research into new therapies that can selectively and effectively destroy tumor cells that overexpress the ErbB2 receptor is apressing task. Recently, research into the use of type I interferons in the treatment of cancer has intensified. Cytokine therapy is aimed at activating the cells of the immune system to fight tumors, but it has drawbacks that limit its use because of a number of side effectsthe severity of which varies depending on the dosage and type of used cytokine. At the moment, a number of studies are being conducted regarding the use of IFNin oncology. The studies areaimed at mitigating the systemic action of this cytokine. The immunocytokine complex made of a bispecific antibody against the ErbB2 receptor and recombinant IFNdeveloped in this study underlies themechanism meant to avoid the systemic action of this cytokine. Part of this study focuses on the development of full-length antibodies that bind to the ErbB2 receptor on the one hand, and bind and neutralize IFN, on the other hand, which allows us to consider the antibodies as a means of cytokine delivery to tumor cells.