Nitrosative stress predicts the presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver at different stages of the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: possible role of vitamin A intake

Background/Aims: An association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with the insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome has been suggested. The aim of the study was to assess the association of fatty liver to different degrees of insulin resistance and secretion. Methods and Results: The study was performed in 308 alcohol- and virus-negative consecutive patients attending a metabolic clinic, who underwent a complete clinical and biochemical work-up including oral glucose tolerance test and routine liver ultrasonography. Steatosis was graded as absent/mild, moderate, and severe. In nondiabetic subjects, a progressive (P < 0.05) increase in mean homeostasis model of insulin resistance was recorded from the group without steatosis to the groups with mild/moderate and severe steatosis. Severe steatosis was associated with the clustering of the five clinical and biochemical features proposed for the clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome with a more pronounced insulin resistance had a higher prevalence of severe steatosis (P < 0.01) compared with those with homeostasis model of insulin resistance below the median. Conclusions: The findings stress the heterogeneous presentation of patients with the metabolic syndrome when the diagnosis is based on the broad Adult Treatment Panel III clinical criteria and demonstrate that those who are more insulin resistant have a higher prevalence of severe steatosis.

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Role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology ◽

10.1586/17474124.2.5.705 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 705-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Henning Grønbæk ◽

Karen Louise Thomsen ◽

Jørgen Rungby ◽

Ole Schmitz ◽

Hendrik Vilstrup

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

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Role of the endocrine system in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2009.28749 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 150 (48) ◽

pp. 2173-2181 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Krisztina Hagymási ◽

Péter Reismann ◽

Károly Rácz ◽

Zsolt Tulassay

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The most frequent liver disorder in metabolic syndrome is the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Its pathogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process, characterized by insulin resistance and involvement of the endocrine system. Hypothyroidism may lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via hyperlipidemia and obesity. Adult patients with growth hormone deficiency have a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype with obesity and many characteristic metabolic alterations. The chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis results in metabolic syndrome as well. Cushing’s syndrome has also features of metabolic syndrome. Mild elevation of transaminase activities is commonly seen in patients with adrenal failure. Non-alcoholic steatosis is twice as common in postmenopusal as in premenopausal women and hormonal replacement therapy decreases the risk of steatosis. Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleeping apnoe syndrome, cardiovascular disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are more frequent in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hypoandrogenism in males and hyperandrogenism in females may lead to fatty liver via obesity and insulin resistance. Adipokines (leptin, acylation stimulating protein, adiponectin) have a potential role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver. The alterations of endocrine system must be considered in the background of cryptogenic liver diseases. The endocrine perspective may help the therapeutic approaches in the future.

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The Emerging Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance: A Concept Implicating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/156652412798376161 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 68-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

S. A. Polyzos ◽

J. Kountouras ◽

G. Deretzi ◽

C. Zavos ◽

C. S. Mantzoros

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Endocrine Disruptors ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome in Class III Obesity Individuals

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/839253 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Cordeiro ◽

S. E. Pereira ◽

C. J. Saboya ◽

A. Ramalho

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Class Iii ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Introduction. Obesity is represented mainly by abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (IR), both present in most individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS). IR is the key risk factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Objective. To relate NAFLD to MS in class III obese individuals.Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional study with class III obese individuals, aged ≥ 20–60 years. Blood pressure measurement, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides data were obtained. HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) calculation was carried out with a cutoff value of 2.71 for IR evaluation. The diagnosis of NAFLD was performed by liver biopsy and the diagnosis of MS was performed in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III).Results. Of the 50 individuals evaluated, 86% were women and BMI means were 45.4 ± 3.6 Kg/m2. The overall individuals had NAFLD, 70% steatosis, and 30% steatohepatitis. The diagnosis of MS occurred in 56% but showed no significant association with NAFLD (P=0.254). Triglycerides (178 ± 65.5 mg/dL) and insulin (28.2 ± 22.6 mcU/mL) mean values were significantly higher in steatohepatitis (P=0.002andP=0.042, resp.) compared to individuals with steatosis. IR was confirmed in 76% and showed a relationship with NAFLD severity.Conclusion. NAFLD was not related to MS; however, MS components, evaluated in isolation, as well as IR, were related to the presence and severity of NAFLD.

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Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2011/269853 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Anna Alisi ◽

Nadia Panera ◽

Carlo Agostoni ◽

Valerio Nobili

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Intrauterine Growth

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), the most important cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, is defined as a foetal growth less than normal for the population, often used as synonym of small for gestational age (SGA). Studies demonstrated the relationships between metabolic syndrome (MS) and birthweight. This study suggested that, in children, adolescents, and adults born SGA, insulin resistance could lead to other metabolic disorders: type 2 diabetes (DM2), dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD may evolve to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and it is related to the development of MS. Lifestyle intervention, physical activity, and weight reduction represent the mainstay of NAFLD therapy. In particular, a catch-up growth reduction could decrease the risk to develop MS and NAFLD. In this paper, we outline clinical and experimental evidences of the association between IUGR, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and NAFLD and discuss on a possible management to avoid the risk of MS in adulthood.

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Obese Children with Metabolic Syndrome Have 3 Times Higher Risk to Have Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared with Those without Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2017/2671692 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dimitrios Papandreou ◽

Mirey Karavetian ◽

Zacharoula Karabouta ◽

Eleni Andreou

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Obese Children ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. One hundred and twenty-five subjects aged 11-12 years old participated in the study.Methods. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were measured, including lipid and liver profile, blood glucose, serum insulin, and liver ultrasound.Results. Forty-four children (58.6%) were found to have MS. Insulin resistance was present in 78 (62.4%) children. Patients with MS were more likely to have NAFLD (P<0.001). Children with NAFLD had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and lower high-density lipoprotein compared to patients with normal livers (P<0.001). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in children with NAFLD (P<0.001). Obese children presenting with MS were 3.01 (2.87–3.57,P<0.002) times more likely to develop NAFLD compared to those without metabolic syndrome after adjustment of cofounders.Conclusions. Obese children with MS have a higher risk of developing NAFLD. Weight management and early prevention should be the first line of treatment to prevent any possible health issues later on.

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