scholarly journals Replacing the consumption of red meat with other major dietary protein sources and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mette L Würtz ◽  
Marianne U Jakobsen ◽  
Monica L Bertoia ◽  
Tao Hou ◽  
Erik B Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Processed Red Meat

ABSTRACT Background Greater consumption of red meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A decreased intake of red meat and simultaneous increased intake of other high-protein foods may be associated with a lower risk of T2DM. These analyses of specific food replacements for red meat may provide more accurate dietary advice. Objective We examined the association between a decrease in intake of red meat accompanied by an increase in other major dietary protein sources and risk of T2DM. Methods We prospectively followed 27,634 males in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 46,023 females in the Nurses’ Health Study, and 75,196 females in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Diet was assessed by a validated FFQ and updated every 4 y. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for T2DM risk factors were used to model the food replacements. We calculated HRs and 95% CIs for the T2DM risk associated with replacements of 1 daily serving of red meat with another protein source. Results During 2,113,245 person-years of follow-up, we identified 8763 incident T2DM cases from 1990 to 2013. In the pooled analyses, a decrease in total red meat intake during a 4-y period replaced with another common protein food was associated with a lower risk of T2DM in the subsequent 4-y period. The HR (95% CI) per 1 serving/d was 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) for poultry, 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) for seafood, 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) for low-fat dairy, 0.82 (0.77, 0.86) for high-fat dairy, 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) for eggs, 0.89 (0.82, 0.98) for legumes, and 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) for nuts. The associations were present for both unprocessed and processed red meat, although stronger for the replacement of processed red meat. Conclusions Replacing red meat consumption with other protein sources was associated with a lower risk of T2DM.

scholarly journals Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Pan ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Adam M Bernstein ◽  
Matthias B Schulze ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Red Meats ◽  
Processed Red Meat

ABSTRACT Background: The relation between consumption of different types of red meats and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain. Objective: We evaluated the association between unprocessed and processed red meat consumption and incident T2D in US adults. Design: We followed 37,083 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2006), 79,570 women in the Nurses’ Health Study I (1980–2008), and 87,504 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2005). Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires, and data were updated every 4 y. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Results: During 4,033,322 person-years of follow-up, we documented 13,759 incident T2D cases. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, both unprocessed and processed red meat intakes were positively associated with T2D risk in each cohort (all P-trend <0.001). The pooled HRs (95% CIs) for a one serving/d increase in unprocessed, processed, and total red meat consumption were 1.12 (1.08, 1.16), 1.32 (1.25, 1.40), and 1.14 (1.10, 1.18), respectively. The results were confirmed by a meta-analysis (442,101 participants and 28,228 diabetes cases): the RRs (95% CIs) were 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) and 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) for 100 g unprocessed red meat/d and for 50 g processed red meat/d, respectively. We estimated that substitutions of one serving of nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains per day for one serving of red meat per day were associated with a 16–35% lower risk of T2D. Conclusion: Our results suggest that red meat consumption, particularly processed red meat, is associated with an increased risk of T2D.

Abstract 17285: Frequent Consumption of Meals Prepared at Home and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among American Men and Women

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Zong ◽  
David M Eisenberg ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Qi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
At Home

Introduction: The frequency of eating meals prepared at home (MPAH) decreased among Americans over the last 50 years. Eating out has been associated with poor diet quality and weight gain in adolescents and adult. Few studies have examined MPAH frequency in relation to diabetes risk. Hypothesis: Having MPAH is associated with lower risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Methods: We followed 57,994 women in the Nurses’ Health Study and 41,679 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2012. Participants were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Weekly frequencies of consuming MPAH were collected at baseline, and summed up as overall MPAH. Results: Participants with more MPAH had higher intake of whole grains, total and low-fat dairy products, fruits, and vegetables, and lower sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) at baseline. However, MPAH turned to be associated with more red meat and low coffee intakes. MPAH was moderately associated with less weight gain during follow-up. Compared to those with 0-6 overall MPAH/week, women with 11-14 MPAH/week had 0.45±0.08kg less weight gain over 8 years, whereas men had 0.41±0.07 kg less weight gain (P<0.001) for the same comparison. During 2.3 million person-years of follow-up, 8959 T2D cases were identified and confirmed in both cohorts. After multivariate adjustment of demographic and lifestyle factors, pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of T2D were 0.96 (0.90, 1.01), 0.96 (0.87, 1.06), 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) for participants who had 7-8, 9-10, and 11-14 MPAH/week (P for trend<0.001), comparing with those eating 0-6 MPAH/week. Each additional MPAH for lunch was associated with 2% lower risk of T2D, whereas the corresponding value was 4% for dinner (P<0.001 for both). These findings were attenuated when BMI or SSB were further adjusted: the hazard ratio comparing participants with 11-14 MPAH/week to those with 0-6 MPAH/week were 0.95 (0.90, 1.01; P for trend=0.13) with adjusting of BMI, and 0.94 (0.89, 1.00; P for trend=0.09) with adjustment of SSB. Conclusions: These findings suggest that eating more MPAH is associated with a lower risk of T2D overtime, and this relationship may be partly ascribed to less weight gain and lower SSB intake by those who prepare their own meals at home more often.

scholarly journals Dairy fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in 3 cohorts of US men and women

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres V Ardisson Korat ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Frank Sacks ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dairy Fat

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have examined dairy products with various fat contents in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, although data regarding dairy fat intake per se are sparse. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between dairy fat intake and risk of T2D in 3 prospective cohorts. We also examined associations for isocalorically replacing dairy fat with other macronutrients. Methods We prospectively followed 41,808 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1986–2012), 65,929 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012), and 89,565 women in the NHS II (1991–2013). Diet was assessed quadrennially using validated FFQs. Fat intake from dairy products and other relevant sources was expressed as percentage of total energy. Self-reported incident T2D cases were confirmed using validated supplementary questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR for dairy fat intake and T2D risk. Results During 4,219,457 person-years of follow-up, we documented 16,511 incident T2D cases. Dairy fat was not associated with risk of T2D when compared with calories from carbohydrates (HR for extreme quintiles: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.02). Replacing 5% of calories from dairy fat with other sources of animal fat or carbohydrate from refined grains was associated with a 17% (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.21) and a 4% (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) higher risk of T2D, respectively. Conversely, a 5% calorie replacement with carbohydrate from whole grains was associated with a 7% lower risk of T2D (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98). Conclusions Dairy fat intake was not associated with T2D risk in these cohort studies of US men and women when compared with calories from carbohydrate. Replacing dairy fat with carbohydrates from whole grains was associated with lower risk of T2D. Replacement with other animal fats or refined carbohydrates was associated with higher risk.

scholarly journals Restricted AccessChanges in Plant-Based Diet Indices and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men: Three U.S. Prospective Cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangling Chen ◽  
Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Megu Y. Baden ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Subsequent Risk

<b>Objective</b> <p>We evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes.</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1986-2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991-2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed every 4 years using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results of the three cohorts were pooled using meta-analysis.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>We documented 12,627 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,955,350 person-years of follow-up. <a>After adjustment for initial BMI, initial and 4-year changes in alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and other factors, </a><a>compared with participants whose indices remained relatively stable (±3%), </a><a>participants with the largest decrease (>10%) in PDI and hPDI over 4 years had a 12%-23% higher diabetes risk in the subsequent 4 years (pooled HR: PDI, 1.12 (95% CI 1.05, 1.20), hPDI, 1.23 (1.16, 1.31)). </a>Each 10% increment in PDI and hPDI over 4 years was associated with a 7%-9% lower risk (PDI, 0.93 (0.91, 0.95), hPDI, 0.91 (0.87, 0.95)). Changes in uPDI were not associated with diabetes risk. Weight changes accounted for 6.0%-35.6% of the associations between changes in PDI and hPDI and diabetes risk. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>Improving adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas decreased adherence to such diets was associated with a higher risk. </p>

Abstract P074: Caffeine Intake May be Associated with a Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Physicians’ Health Study and Meta-Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisa Matsumoto ◽  
Howard D Sesso ◽  
Howard D Sesso ◽  
J. Michael Gaziano ◽  
Luc Djoussé
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake

Objectives: Short-term metabolic studies have shown that caffeine improves insulin-sensitivity. However, epidemiological studies evaluating the relationship of caffeine intake with risk of type 2 diabetes (DM) have shown inconsistent results. We examined whether caffeine intake is associated with the risk of DM in the Physicians’ Health Study and supplemented the results with a meta-analysis. Methods: We prospectively analyzed data on 18,432 PHS participants that were free of DM at baseline (1997-2001). Caffeine intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident DM was ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample by review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the HR and 95% CI of DM. Meta-analysis was conducted through a systematic literature search using PubMed and EMBASE. A random-effect model was used and between-studies heterogeneity was estimated with I 2 . Results: In the PHS, mean age at baseline was 66.4 ± 9.3 years, and 1,137 men (6.2%) developed DM during mean follow up of 9.2 years. In a multivariable model adjusted for conventional risk factors of DM, HRs (95% CI) for DM were 1.0 (ref), 1.08 (0.90-1.29), 1.03 (0.85-1.24), 0.98 (0.81-1.18), and 0.86 (0.70-1.04) across consecutive quintiles of caffeine intake (p for linear trend= 0.69). Meta-analysis included 6 studies consisted of 7 separate cohorts comprising 275,971 individuals and 10,048 cases of incident DM. The pooled odds ratio (95% CI) for DM was 0.79 (0.68-0.93) when the highest caffeine intake was compared to the lowest group in random effects model (I 2 =75%). Conclusion: While only the highest category of caffeine intake was associated with a modest and non-significant association with DM in the PHS, results from the meta-analysis were consistent with a lower risk of DM.

scholarly journals Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis/vertebral fracture in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsiao Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
New Onset

Objectives To investigate the metformin effect on the risk of osteoporosis (OS) and/or vertebral fracture (VF). Methods We enrolled 14 611 pairs of metformin ever and never users matched on propensity score (PS) from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance database. All patients had new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during 1999–2005 and were free from OS and/or any fracture at the start of follow-up on January 1, 2006. They were followed up until December 31, 2011 for the incidence of OS/VF. Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using PS was used in the main analyses. Results New-onset OS/VF was diagnosed in 1757 never users (median follow-up 5.0 years) and 1143 ever users (median follow-up 5.3 years). The respective incidence rates were 2870.97 and 1713.20 per 100 000 person-years. Two-thirds of the incident cases had OS without VF and the other third had VF. In main analyses, the hazard ratio for ever vs never users was 0.592 (95% CI: 0.550–0.638). In either sex, a dose–response pattern was noted and metformin therapy > 2 years was consistently associated with a lower risk. The protective effect attenuated with increasing age but remained significant in patients aged ≥ 80 years. In sensitivity analyses, metformin significantly reduced the risk of both OS and VF (with or without a prior OS) by 30–40%. Additional analyses showed a null association for other antidiabetic drugs, but significant interactions between metformin and insulin, sulfonylurea and pioglitazone, respectively, were noted. Conclusion Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of OS/VF.

Abstract MP94: Consumption of Specific Fruits and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Muraki ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
Rob van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Consumption of whole fruits, but not fruit juice, has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, individual fruits have different compositions of carbohydrate, phytochemicals and other nutrients, and may thus have different effects on diabetes risk. We examined whether consumption of specific fruits was prospectively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. In addition, we evaluated whether the associations of fruits with diabetes were determined by the glycemic load (GL) of fruits consumption. Methods: After excluding participants with chronic diseases at baseline, we evaluated 66,720 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2008); 85,961 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2009); and 26,149 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). Validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were administered to assess habitual consumption of fruits and other foods every two to four years. Incidences of type 2 diabetes were identified using biennial self-reported questionnaires and confirmed using supplementary questionnaires. The associations were prospectively assessed in each cohort, using Cox proportional hazard regression. Sociodemographics, lifestyle, caloric intakes, intakes of other fruits, and other dietary factors were adjusted for to control for confounding. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled by a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: During 3,447,866 person-years of follow-up, 11,521 participants were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes (for every 3 servings/week increase of fruit intake) were 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 0.83] for blueberries; 0.86 (0.80, 0.93) for grapes or raisins; 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) for prunes; 0.91 (0.81, 1.03) for bananas; 0.93 (0.88, 0.97) for apples or pears; 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) for grapefruits; 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) for peaches, plums or apricots; 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) for oranges; 1.06 (0.96, 1.19) for strawberries; and 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) for cantaloupe. No significant heterogeneity was found among the three cohorts, except associations with banana consumption. In contrast, each drink per day of fruit juice was associated with a HR (95% CI) of 1.07 (1.00, 1.14). The HRs for type 2 diabetes were 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) per 1 serving/day of high GL fruits, 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) for moderate GL fruits, and 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) for low GL fruits. Conclusion: Our data suggest that intakes of certain whole fruits, including grapes or raisins, prunes, apples or pears, grapefruits, and blueberries, are associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas high consumption of fruit juice may lead to increased risk. Future research is needed to confirm our findings and elucidate mechanism underlying the associations for individual fruits.

scholarly journals Restricted AccessChanges in Plant-Based Diet Indices and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men: Three U.S. Prospective Cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangling Chen ◽  
Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Megu Y. Baden ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Subsequent Risk

<b>Objective</b> <p>We evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes.</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1986-2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991-2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed every 4 years using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results of the three cohorts were pooled using meta-analysis.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>We documented 12,627 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,955,350 person-years of follow-up. <a>After adjustment for initial BMI, initial and 4-year changes in alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and other factors, </a><a>compared with participants whose indices remained relatively stable (±3%), </a><a>participants with the largest decrease (>10%) in PDI and hPDI over 4 years had a 12%-23% higher diabetes risk in the subsequent 4 years (pooled HR: PDI, 1.12 (95% CI 1.05, 1.20), hPDI, 1.23 (1.16, 1.31)). </a>Each 10% increment in PDI and hPDI over 4 years was associated with a 7%-9% lower risk (PDI, 0.93 (0.91, 0.95), hPDI, 0.91 (0.87, 0.95)). Changes in uPDI were not associated with diabetes risk. Weight changes accounted for 6.0%-35.6% of the associations between changes in PDI and hPDI and diabetes risk. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>Improving adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas decreased adherence to such diets was associated with a higher risk. </p>

Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum Levels of Magne-sium and Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Gender Dimorphic Changes

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽  
Khalid M. Alkharfy ◽  
Nasiruddin Khan ◽  
Hanan A. Alfawaz ◽  
Abdulrahman S. Al-Ajlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Dependent Manner

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating levels of magnesium and selenium in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 126 adult Saudi patients (55 men and 71 women, mean age 53.6 ± 10.7 years) with controlled T2DM were randomly recruited for the study. All subjects were given vitamin D3 tablets (2000 IU/day) for six months. Follow-up mean concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) vitamin D] significantly increased in both men (34.1 ± 12.4 to 57.8 ± 17.0 nmol/L) and women (35.7 ± 13.5 to 60.1 ± 18.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001), while levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased significantly in both men (1.6 ± 0.17 to 0.96 ± 0.10 pmol/L, p = 0.003) and women (1.6 ± 0.17 to 1.0 ± 0.14 pmol/L, p = 0.02). In addition, there was a significant increase in serum levels of selenium and magnesium in men and women (p-values < 0.001 and 0.04, respectively) after follow-up. In women, a significant correlation was observed between delta change (variables at six months-variable at baseline) of serum magnesium versus high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (r = 0.36, p = 0.006) and fasting glucose (r = - 0.33, p = 0.01). In men, there was a significant correlation between serum selenium and triglycerides (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). Vitamin D supplementation improves serum concentrations of magnesium and selenium in a gender-dependent manner, which in turn could affect several cardiometabolic parameters such as glucose and lipids.

Telephone follow-up for type 2 diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Wu ◽  
Angus Forbes ◽  
Peter D Griffiths ◽  
Alison While
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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