Abstract MP94: Consumption of Specific Fruits and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women

Background: Consumption of whole fruits, but not fruit juice, has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, individual fruits have different compositions of carbohydrate, phytochemicals and other nutrients, and may thus have different effects on diabetes risk. We examined whether consumption of specific fruits was prospectively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. In addition, we evaluated whether the associations of fruits with diabetes were determined by the glycemic load (GL) of fruits consumption. Methods: After excluding participants with chronic diseases at baseline, we evaluated 66,720 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2008); 85,961 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2009); and 26,149 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). Validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were administered to assess habitual consumption of fruits and other foods every two to four years. Incidences of type 2 diabetes were identified using biennial self-reported questionnaires and confirmed using supplementary questionnaires. The associations were prospectively assessed in each cohort, using Cox proportional hazard regression. Sociodemographics, lifestyle, caloric intakes, intakes of other fruits, and other dietary factors were adjusted for to control for confounding. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled by a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: During 3,447,866 person-years of follow-up, 11,521 participants were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes (for every 3 servings/week increase of fruit intake) were 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 0.83] for blueberries; 0.86 (0.80, 0.93) for grapes or raisins; 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) for prunes; 0.91 (0.81, 1.03) for bananas; 0.93 (0.88, 0.97) for apples or pears; 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) for grapefruits; 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) for peaches, plums or apricots; 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) for oranges; 1.06 (0.96, 1.19) for strawberries; and 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) for cantaloupe. No significant heterogeneity was found among the three cohorts, except associations with banana consumption. In contrast, each drink per day of fruit juice was associated with a HR (95% CI) of 1.07 (1.00, 1.14). The HRs for type 2 diabetes were 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) per 1 serving/day of high GL fruits, 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) for moderate GL fruits, and 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) for low GL fruits. Conclusion: Our data suggest that intakes of certain whole fruits, including grapes or raisins, prunes, apples or pears, grapefruits, and blueberries, are associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas high consumption of fruit juice may lead to increased risk. Future research is needed to confirm our findings and elucidate mechanism underlying the associations for individual fruits.

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Dairy fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in 3 cohorts of US men and women

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqz176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 1192-1200 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andres V Ardisson Korat ◽

Yanping Li ◽

Frank Sacks ◽

Bernard Rosner ◽

Walter C Willett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Health Study ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Men And Women ◽

Dairy Fat

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have examined dairy products with various fat contents in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, although data regarding dairy fat intake per se are sparse. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between dairy fat intake and risk of T2D in 3 prospective cohorts. We also examined associations for isocalorically replacing dairy fat with other macronutrients. Methods We prospectively followed 41,808 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1986–2012), 65,929 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012), and 89,565 women in the NHS II (1991–2013). Diet was assessed quadrennially using validated FFQs. Fat intake from dairy products and other relevant sources was expressed as percentage of total energy. Self-reported incident T2D cases were confirmed using validated supplementary questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR for dairy fat intake and T2D risk. Results During 4,219,457 person-years of follow-up, we documented 16,511 incident T2D cases. Dairy fat was not associated with risk of T2D when compared with calories from carbohydrates (HR for extreme quintiles: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.02). Replacing 5% of calories from dairy fat with other sources of animal fat or carbohydrate from refined grains was associated with a 17% (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.21) and a 4% (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) higher risk of T2D, respectively. Conversely, a 5% calorie replacement with carbohydrate from whole grains was associated with a 7% lower risk of T2D (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98). Conclusions Dairy fat intake was not associated with T2D risk in these cohort studies of US men and women when compared with calories from carbohydrate. Replacing dairy fat with carbohydrates from whole grains was associated with lower risk of T2D. Replacement with other animal fats or refined carbohydrates was associated with higher risk.

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Abstract 17285: Metabolite-Derived Network Reveals Cluster of Acylcholine Metabolites Associated With Better Diet Quality and Lower Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.17285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Danielle E Haslam ◽

Dong Wang ◽

Liming Liang ◽

Rachel S Kelly ◽

Clemens Wittenbecher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Puerto Rican ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Health Study ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Cluster Score ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Puerto Rican (PR) adults living on the US mainland are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary factors may contribute to this increased risk. Network analysis is a data-reduction tool that can identify correlated clusters of co-regulated metabolites that reflect mechanisms underlying diet-T2D associations. Hypothesis: Diet quality will associate with T2D-associated metabolite clusters among PR adults. Methods: We used LC/MS to measure fasting plasma metabolites (>700) among Boston PR Health Study participants, aged 45-75 years, with (n=258) and without (n=421) T2D. We applied an unsupervised correlation network-based method to identify metabolite clusters within a global metabolite network and calculated a score for each cluster using a weighted sum of metabolite concentrations. To estimate diet quality, we calculated a modified version of a previously validated American Heart Association diet score (AHA-DS). Logistic regression was used to assess cross-sectional associations between metabolite clusters and prevalent T2D, and linear regression was used to assess associations between the continuous AHA-DS and T2D-associated metabolite clusters among controls, adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing. Results: We identified 7 metabolite clusters that were associated with prevalent T2D ( p <0.05). For every 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in cluster score, the odds ratios for prevalent T2D and 95% confidence intervals were as the follows: acylcholines [0.40 (0.31, 0.50)], aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives [0.33 (0.22, 0.47)], sphingolipids [0.46 (0.33, 0.64)], tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle amino acids/peptides [0.39 (0.25, 0.62)], branched-chain amino acid metabolites [4.1 (2.9, 6.0)], acylcarnitines [1.8 (1.3, 2.5)], and TCA cycle/energy metabolites [2.0 (1.4, 3.0)]. The AHA-DS was only significantly associated with the acylcholine metabolites cluster [β (standard error) = 0.01 (0.004) SD increase in cluster score, p=0.02]. Conclusions: In individuals of PR descent, we identified a cluster of acylcholine metabolites where concentrations are higher among those with better diet quality and lower among those with prevalent T2D.

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Abstract MP21: Circulating Biomarkers of Dairy Fat and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Two US Prospective Cohorts

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp21 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Y Yakoob ◽

Peilin Shi ◽

Frank B Hu ◽

Hannia Campos ◽

Kathryn M Rexrode ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lower Incidence ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Circulating Biomarkers ◽

Dairy Fat ◽

Fat Consumption ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prospective Cohorts

Background: Prior observational studies suggest that self-reported consumption of dairy foods is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (DM). Few studies have used circulating biomarkers that provide objective measures of dairy fat consumption. Aim: To test the hypothesis that plasma fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat, 15:0, 17:0, 16:1 n-7t and 14:0, are associated with lower incidence of DM. Methods: We used gas-liquid chromatography to measure plasma 15:0, 17:0, 16:1 n-7t and 14:0 biomarkers in 3,347 adults aged 30-75 years and free of prevalent DM at baseline in two separate U.S. prospective cohorts, Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals’ Follow Up Study (HPFS). Incident DM was identified through 2008 and confirmed by validated supplementary questionnaire using symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medical therapy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used and cohort findings pooled by fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results: During mean ± SD follow-up of 14.0 ± 4.9 years, 254 new cases of DM were diagnosed. Correlations with self-reported dairy fat consumption were modest for 17:0 (r=0.19), 16:1 n-7t (r=0.21) and 15:0 (r=0.27), and weaker for 14:0 (r=0.12). In pooled multivariate analyses, comparing highest to lowest quartiles, lower risk of DM was seen for 17:0 [HR=0.57 (95% CI: 0.39 - 0.82), P-trend=0.001] and 16:1 n-7t [HR=0.60 (0.42 - 0.87), P-trend=0.007], while 14:0 was positively associated [HR=1.98 (1.35 - 2.91), P-trend <0.0001] and 15:0 was not associated [HR=1.11 (0.75 - 1.63), P-trend=0.80] ( Table ). Conclusion: In separate prospective cohorts, two biomarkers of dairy fat (17:0 and 16:1 n-7t) were associated with lower incidence of DM. 14:0, which is also obtained from beef, and is a marker of de novo lipogenesis, was associated with increased risk. Further research is needed on plausible biological and mechanistic pathways.

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Abstract 17285: Frequent Consumption of Meals Prepared at Home and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among American Men and Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.17285 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Geng Zong ◽

David M Eisenberg ◽

Frank B Hu ◽

Qi Sun

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Health Study ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

At Home

Introduction: The frequency of eating meals prepared at home (MPAH) decreased among Americans over the last 50 years. Eating out has been associated with poor diet quality and weight gain in adolescents and adult. Few studies have examined MPAH frequency in relation to diabetes risk. Hypothesis: Having MPAH is associated with lower risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Methods: We followed 57,994 women in the Nurses’ Health Study and 41,679 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2012. Participants were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Weekly frequencies of consuming MPAH were collected at baseline, and summed up as overall MPAH. Results: Participants with more MPAH had higher intake of whole grains, total and low-fat dairy products, fruits, and vegetables, and lower sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) at baseline. However, MPAH turned to be associated with more red meat and low coffee intakes. MPAH was moderately associated with less weight gain during follow-up. Compared to those with 0-6 overall MPAH/week, women with 11-14 MPAH/week had 0.45±0.08kg less weight gain over 8 years, whereas men had 0.41±0.07 kg less weight gain (P<0.001) for the same comparison. During 2.3 million person-years of follow-up, 8959 T2D cases were identified and confirmed in both cohorts. After multivariate adjustment of demographic and lifestyle factors, pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of T2D were 0.96 (0.90, 1.01), 0.96 (0.87, 1.06), 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) for participants who had 7-8, 9-10, and 11-14 MPAH/week (P for trend<0.001), comparing with those eating 0-6 MPAH/week. Each additional MPAH for lunch was associated with 2% lower risk of T2D, whereas the corresponding value was 4% for dinner (P<0.001 for both). These findings were attenuated when BMI or SSB were further adjusted: the hazard ratio comparing participants with 11-14 MPAH/week to those with 0-6 MPAH/week were 0.95 (0.90, 1.01; P for trend=0.13) with adjusting of BMI, and 0.94 (0.89, 1.00; P for trend=0.09) with adjustment of SSB. Conclusions: These findings suggest that eating more MPAH is associated with a lower risk of T2D overtime, and this relationship may be partly ascribed to less weight gain and lower SSB intake by those who prepare their own meals at home more often.

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Restricted AccessChanges in Plant-Based Diet Indices and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men: Three U.S. Prospective Cohorts

10.2337/figshare.13312577.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhangling Chen ◽

Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽

Yanping Li ◽

Megu Y. Baden ◽

JoAnn E. Manson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Health Study ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Subsequent Risk

Objective We evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1986-2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991-2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed every 4 years using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results of the three cohorts were pooled using meta-analysis. Results We documented 12,627 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,955,350 person-years of follow-up. <a>After adjustment for initial BMI, initial and 4-year changes in alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and other factors, </a><a>compared with participants whose indices remained relatively stable (±3%), </a><a>participants with the largest decrease (>10%) in PDI and hPDI over 4 years had a 12%-23% higher diabetes risk in the subsequent 4 years (pooled HR: PDI, 1.12 (95% CI 1.05, 1.20), hPDI, 1.23 (1.16, 1.31)). </a>Each 10% increment in PDI and hPDI over 4 years was associated with a 7%-9% lower risk (PDI, 0.93 (0.91, 0.95), hPDI, 0.91 (0.87, 0.95)). Changes in uPDI were not associated with diabetes risk. Weight changes accounted for 6.0%-35.6% of the associations between changes in PDI and hPDI and diabetes risk. Conclusions Improving adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas decreased adherence to such diets was associated with a higher risk.

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Abstract 20: Carbohydrate Quality, Measured Using Multiple Carbohydrate Quality Metrics, is Negatively Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.20 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Hala AlEssa ◽

Shilpa Bhupathiraju ◽

Vasanti Malik ◽

Nicole Wedick ◽

Hannia Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Quality Metrics ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Carbohydrate Quality ◽

Cereal Fiber ◽

High Starch ◽

Incident Cases

Background: Carbohydrate quality may be an important determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, the relationships between various carbohydrate quality metrics and T2D risk have not been systematically investigated. Objective: To prospectively examine the association between carbohydrate, starch, fiber, and different combinations of these nutrients in relation to the risk of T2D in US women. Methods: We prospectively collected information on diet and lifestyle behaviors among 70,041 women from the Nurses Health Study every 2-4 years, after baseline in 1984. These participants were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the association between dietary factors of interest and incidence of T2D. Results: With 24 years of follow-up we ascertained 6,934 incident cases of T2D during 1,484, 213 person years of follow-up. After adjusting for age, lifestyle and dietary variables, total carbohydrate intake was not associated with T2D (RR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.89 - 1.08, p for trend=0.84), while starch was positively associated with T2D (RR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.12 - 1.35), p for trend <0.0001), comparing the highest to lowest quintile. Total fiber (RR= 0.80, 95%CI: 0.72 - 0.89, p for trend < 0.0001), cereal fiber (RR= 0.71, 95%CI: 0.65 - 0.78, p for trend < 0.0001) and fruit fiber (RR= 0.80, 95%CI: 0.73 - 0.88, p for trend < 0.0001) were all inversely associated with T2D, comparing extreme quintiles. . There was a borderline significant positive association between the ratio of carbohydrate to total fiber intake and risk of T2D (RR= 1.09, 95%CI: 1.00 - 1.20, p for trend = 0.039), and stronger positive associations between the ratios of carbohydrate to cereal fiber (RR= 1.28, 95%CI: 1.17 - 1.39, p for trend < 0.0001), starch to total fiber (RR= 1.12, 95%CI: 1.02 - 1.23, p for trend = 0.030) and starch to cereal fiber (RR= 1.39, 95%CI: 1.27 - 1.53, p for trend < 0.0001) with T2D, comparing extreme quintiles.. Conclusion: Diets with high starch, low fiber and high starch to cereal fiber ratio were associated with increased risk of T2D. Using the starch to cereal fiber ratio of the overall diet is a potentially useful way of assessing carbohydrate quality in relation to T2D.

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Abstract P074: Caffeine Intake May be Associated with a Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Physicians’ Health Study and Meta-Analysis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p074 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chisa Matsumoto ◽

Howard D Sesso ◽

J. Michael Gaziano ◽

Luc Djoussé

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Health Study ◽

Caffeine Intake

Objectives: Short-term metabolic studies have shown that caffeine improves insulin-sensitivity. However, epidemiological studies evaluating the relationship of caffeine intake with risk of type 2 diabetes (DM) have shown inconsistent results. We examined whether caffeine intake is associated with the risk of DM in the Physicians’ Health Study and supplemented the results with a meta-analysis. Methods: We prospectively analyzed data on 18,432 PHS participants that were free of DM at baseline (1997-2001). Caffeine intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident DM was ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample by review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the HR and 95% CI of DM. Meta-analysis was conducted through a systematic literature search using PubMed and EMBASE. A random-effect model was used and between-studies heterogeneity was estimated with I 2 . Results: In the PHS, mean age at baseline was 66.4 ± 9.3 years, and 1,137 men (6.2%) developed DM during mean follow up of 9.2 years. In a multivariable model adjusted for conventional risk factors of DM, HRs (95% CI) for DM were 1.0 (ref), 1.08 (0.90-1.29), 1.03 (0.85-1.24), 0.98 (0.81-1.18), and 0.86 (0.70-1.04) across consecutive quintiles of caffeine intake (p for linear trend= 0.69). Meta-analysis included 6 studies consisted of 7 separate cohorts comprising 275,971 individuals and 10,048 cases of incident DM. The pooled odds ratio (95% CI) for DM was 0.79 (0.68-0.93) when the highest caffeine intake was compared to the lowest group in random effects model (I 2 =75%). Conclusion: While only the highest category of caffeine intake was associated with a modest and non-significant association with DM in the PHS, results from the meta-analysis were consistent with a lower risk of DM.

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Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.111.018978 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 1088-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 341

Author(s):

An Pan ◽

Qi Sun ◽

Adam M Bernstein ◽

Matthias B Schulze ◽

JoAnn E Manson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

Red Meat ◽

Health Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Red Meats ◽

Processed Red Meat

ABSTRACT Background: The relation between consumption of different types of red meats and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain. Objective: We evaluated the association between unprocessed and processed red meat consumption and incident T2D in US adults. Design: We followed 37,083 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2006), 79,570 women in the Nurses’ Health Study I (1980–2008), and 87,504 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2005). Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires, and data were updated every 4 y. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Results: During 4,033,322 person-years of follow-up, we documented 13,759 incident T2D cases. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, both unprocessed and processed red meat intakes were positively associated with T2D risk in each cohort (all P-trend <0.001). The pooled HRs (95% CIs) for a one serving/d increase in unprocessed, processed, and total red meat consumption were 1.12 (1.08, 1.16), 1.32 (1.25, 1.40), and 1.14 (1.10, 1.18), respectively. The results were confirmed by a meta-analysis (442,101 participants and 28,228 diabetes cases): the RRs (95% CIs) were 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) and 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) for 100 g unprocessed red meat/d and for 50 g processed red meat/d, respectively. We estimated that substitutions of one serving of nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains per day for one serving of red meat per day were associated with a 16–35% lower risk of T2D. Conclusion: Our results suggest that red meat consumption, particularly processed red meat, is associated with an increased risk of T2D.

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Replacing the consumption of red meat with other major dietary protein sources and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa284 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Mette L Würtz ◽

Marianne U Jakobsen ◽

Monica L Bertoia ◽

Tao Hou ◽

Erik B Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Red Meat ◽

Health Study ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Processed Red Meat

ABSTRACT Background Greater consumption of red meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A decreased intake of red meat and simultaneous increased intake of other high-protein foods may be associated with a lower risk of T2DM. These analyses of specific food replacements for red meat may provide more accurate dietary advice. Objective We examined the association between a decrease in intake of red meat accompanied by an increase in other major dietary protein sources and risk of T2DM. Methods We prospectively followed 27,634 males in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 46,023 females in the Nurses’ Health Study, and 75,196 females in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Diet was assessed by a validated FFQ and updated every 4 y. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for T2DM risk factors were used to model the food replacements. We calculated HRs and 95% CIs for the T2DM risk associated with replacements of 1 daily serving of red meat with another protein source. Results During 2,113,245 person-years of follow-up, we identified 8763 incident T2DM cases from 1990 to 2013. In the pooled analyses, a decrease in total red meat intake during a 4-y period replaced with another common protein food was associated with a lower risk of T2DM in the subsequent 4-y period. The HR (95% CI) per 1 serving/d was 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) for poultry, 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) for seafood, 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) for low-fat dairy, 0.82 (0.77, 0.86) for high-fat dairy, 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) for eggs, 0.89 (0.82, 0.98) for legumes, and 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) for nuts. The associations were present for both unprocessed and processed red meat, although stronger for the replacement of processed red meat. Conclusions Replacing red meat consumption with other protein sources was associated with a lower risk of T2DM.

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Erythrocyte n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1452-1452

Author(s):

Ze-Lei Miao ◽

Ju-Sheng Zheng ◽

Yu-Ming Chen

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Health Study ◽

Incident Type ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Prospective Association

Abstract Objectives To examine the prospective association of erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the potential role of gut microbiota. Methods 2731 non-T2D participants recruited between 2008–2013 in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study were included in the present study. 276 incident T2D was ascertained after a median follow-up of 6.2 years, and 16S rRNA profiling was conducted using stool samples collected during follow-up. We examined the prospective association of erythrocyte n-6 PUFA biomarkers with incident T2D, and with diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Results Higher levels of erythrocyte γ-linolenic acid (GLA) were associated with higher T2D risk, with relative risk (quartile 4 versus 1) 1.72 (95% confidence intervals: 1.21, 2.44), adjusting for potential confounders. No association with T2D was found for erythrocyte linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. Baseline GLA was inversely associated with gut microbial richness and diversity (α-diversity, both P < 0.05) during follow-up, and significantly associated with microbiota β-diversity (P = 0.002). Seven genera (Butyrivibrio, Blautia, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, S24–7 other, Rikenellaceae other, and Clostridiales other) were enriched in quartile 1 of GLA, and in participants without T2D. Conclusions The present study suggests that erythrocyte GLA biomarker is positively associated with incident T2D in a Chinese population. High GLA status is associated with unfavorable gut microbial profiles, which may contribute to the increased risk of T2D. These results highlight that gut microbiota may play an important role linking n-6 PUFA metabolism and T2D etiology. Funding Sources This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Westlake University and the 5010 Program for Clinical Researches of the Sun Yat-sen University.

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