scholarly journals Energy deficit increases hepcidin and exacerbates declines in dietary iron absorption following strenuous physical activity: a randomized-controlled cross-over trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Hennigar ◽  
James P McClung ◽  
Adrienne Hatch-McChesney ◽  
Jillian T Allen ◽  
Marques A Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Strenuous Physical Activity

ABSTRACT Background Strenuous physical activity promotes inflammation and depletes muscle glycogen, which may increase the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin reduces dietary iron absorption and may contribute to declines in iron status frequently observed following strenuous physical activity. Objectives To determine the effects of strenuous physical activity on hepcidin and dietary iron absorption and whether energy deficit compared with energy balance modifies those effects. Methods This was a randomized, cross-over, controlled-feeding trial in healthy male subjects (n = 10, mean ± SD age: 22.4 ± 5.4 y, weight: 87.3 ± 10.9 kg) with sufficient iron status (serum ferritin 77.0 ± 36.7 ng/mL). Rest measurements were collected before participants began a 72-h simulated sustained military operation (SUSOPS), designed to elicit high energy expenditure, glycogen depletion, and inflammation, followed by a 7-d recovery period. Two 72-h SUSOPS trials were performed where participants were randomly assigned to consume either energy matched (±10%) to their individual estimated total daily energy expenditure (BAL) or energy at 45% of total daily energy expenditure to induce energy deficit (DEF). On the rest day and at the completion of BAL and DEF, participants consumed a beverage containing 3.8 mg of a stable iron isotope, and plasma isotope appearance was measured over 6 h. Results Muscle glycogen declined during DEF and was preserved during BAL (−188 ± 179 mmol/kg, P-adjusted < 0.01). Despite similar increases in interleukin-6, plasma hepcidin increased during DEF but not BAL, such that hepcidin was 108% greater during DEF compared with BAL (7.8 ± 12.2 ng/mL, P-adjusted < 0.0001). Peak plasma isotope appearance at 120 min was 74% lower with DEF (59 ± 38% change from 0 min) and 49% lower with BAL (117 ± 81%) compared with rest (230 ± 97%, P-adjusted < 0.01 for all comparisons). Conclusions Strenuous physical activity decreases dietary iron absorption compared with rest. Energy deficit exacerbates both the hepcidin response to physical activity and declines in dietary iron absorption compared with energy balance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03524690.

scholarly journals Declines in Dietary Iron Absorption Following Simulated Military Operations Are Exacerbated by Energy Deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1807-1807
Author(s):  
Stephen Hennigar ◽  
Adrienne Hatch-McChesney ◽  
Jillian Allen ◽  
Christopher Carrigan ◽  
Nancy Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure

Abstract Objectives Iron status declines with military training; however, the reason for the decline is not known. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary iron absorption is reduced following military training and whether energy deficit during training modifies the effect. Methods This was a randomized, cross-over, controlled-feeding trial in healthy, active duty military males (n = 10, age 22.4 ± 5.4 y, weight 87.3 ± 10.9 kg) with normal iron status (serum ferritin 77.0 ± 36.7 ng/mL). Following a rest day (no exercise), participants completed a 72-h simulated sustained military operations (SUSOPS) followed by a 7-d recovery period. SUSOPS was comprised of military tasks designed to elicit high energy expenditures, muscle damage, and sleep deprivation. During SUSOPS, participants were randomized to consume ± 10% of estimated total daily energy expenditure (BAL) or 45% of total daily energy expenditure to induce severe negative energy balance (NEG BAL), but an equivalent amount of dietary iron. Two hours after rest, BAL, and NEG BAL participants consumed a beverage containing 3.8 mg of a stable iron isotope and plasma isotope appearance and hepcidin were determined 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min later. Results BAL maintained weight (−0.03 ± 0.8 kg) and muscle glycogen (4.1 ± 68.1% change), while NEG BAL lost weight (−2.38 ± 1.7 kg, P < 0.01) and muscle glycogen (−47.6 ± 17.8% change, P = 0.08) during SUSOPS. C-reactive protein (rest 1.2 ± 0.9, BAL 4.7 ± 3.6, NEG BAL 4.8 ± 3.5 mg/L, Pphase < 0.001) increased with SUSOPS compared to rest regardless of energy balance. Peak plasma isotope appearance at 120 min was 49% lower with BAL (116.9 ± 81.4% change from 0 min) and 74% lower with NEG BAL (58.9 ± 38.1%) compared to rest (229.7 ± 97.3%, P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Plasma hepcidin was not different at 0 min (rest 7.2 ± 1.6, BAL 6.7 ± 2.4, NEG BAL 6.8 ± 1.7 ng/mL, P = 0.79) and peaked at 360 min (rest 19.4 ± 9.5, BAL 9.5 ± 4.7, NEG BAL 13.7 ± 8.9 ng/mL, P = 0.03). Conclusions Dietary iron absorption is reduced following SUSOPS in healthy males with normal iron status and the reduction is exacerbated with energy deficit. Circulating concentrations of hepcidin following 72-h SUSOPS do not appear to mediate the reduction in dietary iron absorption. Funding Sources The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the Army, DoD, or US Government. Supported by MRDC.

Physical Activity and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in Older US Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Willis ◽  
Seth A. Creasy ◽  
Pedro F. Saint-Maurice ◽  
Sarah Kozey Keadle ◽  
Hermann Pontzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure

scholarly journals Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in Successful Weight Loss Maintainers

Obesity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Ostendorf ◽  
Ann E. Caldwell ◽  
Seth A. Creasy ◽  
Zhaoxing Pan ◽  
Kate Lyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Activity Energy

scholarly journals Total daily energy expenditure in free-living older African-Americans and Caucasians

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. E96-E101 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Carpenter ◽  
Tekum Fonong ◽  
Michael J. Toth ◽  
Philip A. Ades ◽  
Jorge Calles-Escandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Energy

Low rates of daily energy expenditure, increased energy intake, or a combination of both contribute to obesity in African-Americans. We examined whether African-Americans have lower rates of free-living daily energy expenditure than Caucasians. One hundred sixty-four (>55 yr) volunteers (37 African-American women, 52 Caucasian women, 28 African-American men, and 47 Caucasian men) were characterized for total daily energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity energy expenditure from the doubly labeled water method and indirect calorimetry. Absolute total daily energy expenditure was lower in women than men but was not different between African-Americans and Caucasians. However, we found race and gender differences in total daily energy expenditure after controlling for differences in fat-free mass. Total daily energy expenditure was 10% lower ( P < 0.01) in African-Americans compared with Caucasians due to a 5% lower resting metabolic rate ( P < 0.01) and 19% lower physical activity energy expenditure ( P = 0.08). Moreover, total daily energy expenditure was 16% lower ( P < 0.01) in women compared with men due to a 6% lower resting metabolic rate ( P = 0.09) and a 37% lower physical activity energy expenditure ( P = 0.06). Low rates of energy expenditure may be a predisposing factor for obesity, particularly in African-American women.

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