scholarly journals Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Spinosad, Bacillus Thuringiensis, Abamectin and Chlorpyrifos in Spring, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Dipel 2X

Abstract Spinosad, 80% (formulation NAF-127, DowElanco); Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (Dipel 2X, Abbott Laboratories), abamectin Agri-Mek 0.15 EC (Merck & Co., Inc.) and chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E, DowElanco) were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the overwintering generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard in Mattawa, WA. The trees were 3-yr-old Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 12-tree plots replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip. Application dates were 5 Apr (pink) and 9 May (petal fall). Approximate application timings with regard to plant development stage are shown in the table. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 24 May by a count of the total number of live OBLR larvae on all trees of a treatment replication. Live larvae were collected to observe sublethal effects. Surviving larvae were reared on artificial leafroller diet in 3.25 oz portion cups until death or adult emergence. Any deformities possibly resulting from exposure to an insect growth regulator were recorded. Weather was good, calm winds and moderate temperatures, at the time of applications.

scholarly journals Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Azadirachtin, Bacillus Thuringiensis and Chlorpyrifos in Spring, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Dipel 2X

Abstract Neemix, Dipel 2X, and Lorsban 4E were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the overwintering generation. The test was conducted in apple orchards at Milton-Freewater, OR and Mattawa, WA. Trees were 3-yr-old Fuji on dwarfing roots at Milton-Freewater and 3-yr-old Delicious on dwarfing roots at Mattawa. Treatments were applied to 3-tree plots replicated 5 times at Milton-Freewater and 12-tree plots replicated 5 times at Mattawa in a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. Application dates at Milton-Freewater were 5 Apr (pink) and 25 Apr (petal fall), and at Mattawa they were 5 Apr (pink) and 9 May (petal fall). The approximate application timings with regard to plant development stage are shown in the table. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 8 May in Milton-Freewater and the total number of live OBLR larvae found in a 2-min timed sample recorded. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 24 May in Mattawa and total number of live OBLR larvae on all trees of a treatment replication counted and collected to observe sublethal effects. Surviving larvae were reared on artificial leafroller diet in 3.25 oz portion cups until death or adult emergence. Any deformities possibly resulting from exposure to an insect growth regulator were recorded. A significant rainfall occurred less than 2 h after the pink application at Milton-Freewater. Weather was good during and after the other applications; however, spring weather in general was cooler and wetter than normal.

scholarly journals Apple, Control of the Obliquebanded Leafroller with Bacillus Thuringiensis and Conventional Products in Spring, 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller

Abstract Different B. thuringiensis products were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the overwintering generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard near Milton-Freewater, OR. Trees were 4-yr-old ‘Fuji’ on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to four-tree plots replicated five times in a RCBD. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. Application dates and plant development stages are shown in the table. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 20 May. Each tree was examined and the no. of live leafroller larvae recorded.

scholarly journals Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Bacillus Thuringiensis Plus Adjuvants in Summer, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Dipel 2X

Abstract Dipel 2X, alone and in combination with two spreader adjuvants, Latron B-1956, and Sylgard 309, and the Able and Biobit were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at Mattawa, WA. The trees were 3-yr-old Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 8-tree plots replicated five times in a randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 26 Jul. The total number of live OBLR larvae found in a 10-min search on all 8 trees of a treatment replication was counted.

scholarly journals Apple, Control of the Obliquebanded Leafroller with Bacillus Thuringiensis Products in Summer, 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller

Abstract Different B. thuringiensis products were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard near Milton-Freewater, OR. Trees were 2-yr-old ‘Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. The orchard was ditch irrigated. Treatments were applied on 6 and 17 Jul to five-tree plots replicated five times using a RCBD. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 29 Jul. Each tree was examined and the number of live leafroller larvae recorded.

scholarly journals Apple, Control of the Obliquebanded Leafroller with Bacillus Thuringiensis and Cryolite in Summer, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller

Abstract Different B. thuringiensis products and Kryocide (cryolite) were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard near Milton-Freewater, OR. The trees were 3-yr-old ‘Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to four-tree plots replicated five times using a RCB design. All treatments were applied on 23, 30 Jun and 11 Jul with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 27 Jul. The number of live OBLR larvae on all four trees of a treatment replication was counted.

scholarly journals Impact of the Insect Growth Regulator Pyriproxyfen on Immature Development, Fecundity, and Fertility of Aedes albopictus

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Megan N. Rhyne ◽  
Stephanie L. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Large Container

ABSTRACT Aedes albopictus is a vector of several arboviruses; however, control of this day-active species is difficult with ultra-low-volume insecticide treatments applied at dusk/dawn periods. In the current laboratory study, blood-fed Ae. albopictus were exposed to Archer® (insect growth regulator AI: pyriproxyfen) residue in glass bottles (to approximate barrier treatment) and allowed to oviposit. Control mosquitoes were exposed to clean bottles. To evaluate potential dilution effects of water volume, mosquitoes were allowed to oviposit in (relatively) small (59 ml water) or large (177 ml water) containers. The extent to which fecundity (number of eggs laid), fertility rate (number of larvae hatched/number of eggs laid × 100), and emergence rate (number of adults emerged/number of larvae hatched × 100) differed between groups was characterized. In the control group, 18–21 (82–95%) mosquitoes laid eggs, while only 10–11 (45–50%) of mosquitoes in the pyriproxyfen group laid eggs. These sample sizes should be considered when comparing results to other studies. Significantly lower (P = 0.0008) fecundity was observed in mosquitoes exposed to pyriproxyfen (mean ± SE) (small container: 25.2 ± 7.1, large container: 24.3 ± 7.1) compared to control mosquitoes (small container: 49.2 ± 7.8, large container: 52.7 ± 5.2). Regardless of treatment, no significant differences in fecundity were observed between mosquitoes allowed to oviposit in different-sized containers. Hatch rate was significantly lower in the pyriproxyfen group and was impacted by container size (P = 0.032) and treatment (P < 0.0001) (large, control: 61.9% ± 7.8; small, control: 38.0% ± 7.1; large, treated: 10.3% ± 2.4; small, treated: 2.9% ± 1.9). Adult emergence rates were not significantly impacted by treatment or container size. Pyriproxyfen applied as a barrier treatment may be an effective tool for controlling Ae. albopictus.

scholarly journals Persistence of insecticidal activity of novel bio-encapsulated formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against Choristoneura rosaceana [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Côté ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
K.-H. Son ◽  
S. H. Bok
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Higher Doses

DiPelTM, a registered Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk)-based formulation, and experimental bio-encapsulated Btk formulations were sprayed in an apple orchard. Their persistence was assessed in the laboratory against obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana) larvae for three consecutive years. In 1995, DiPel and the bio-encapsulated formulation caused significantly higher larval mortality than the control at least 1 day, and up to 27 days after treatments, respectively. In 1996, although 6.4 mm of rain fell during the day of treatments, DiPel and the bio-encapsulated formulation caused respectively 21 and 33% larval mortality immediately after treatments. DiPel caused significantly higher mortality than the control for up to 3 days while the bio-encapsulated formulation caused significantly higher mortality for up to 14 days. In 1997, two Btk strains (HD-1 and BMP123) were sprayed at different concentrations in a.i. (3 and 8%) and doses (30 and 240 g 15 L-1 applied). Higher concentrations of a.i. in the Btk formulations and higher doses sprayed increased the persistence of the insecticidal activity. Among the meteorological factors that were measured (i.e. precipitations, temperature and solar radiations), precipitations reduced the persistence of the insecticidal activity. Solar radiations may have modulated the persistence of the formulations.

Inhibition of Oogenesis and Ovarian Ecdysteroid Synthesis by Azadirachtin in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Rembold ◽  
Klaus-Peter Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Neuroendocrine Control ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides

Abstract The sterilizing effect of azadirachtin, an insect growth regulator from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, was tested with mature females of Locusta migratoria. After a single injection of 10 μg into females between 2 and 13 days after emergence, about 60% died during the following four days and all lost weight in the range of about 50%. If the compound was injected into animals of an age between 2 and 10 days, no maturation of the terminal oocytes could be observed. Injection at an age between 10 and 13 days after adult emergence resulted in ovaries which contained almost mature oocytes. Most of the treated locusts had no oviposition and only traces of ecdysteroids were present in their ovaries, as quantified by radioimmunoassay. The inhibition of oogenesis and of ovarian ecdysteroid synthesis by azadirachtin is discussed on the basis of its interference with the neuroendocrine control of hormone synthesis.

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