Anatomical Dissection of the Dorsal Nerve of the Clitoris

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Kelling ◽  
Cameron R Erickson ◽  
Jessica Pin ◽  
Paul G Pin
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Sexual Response ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
Dorsal Nerve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Sexual Response ◽  
Dorsal Nerves ◽  
Neural Anatomy ◽  
Clitoral Hood

Abstract Background The clitoris is the primary somatosensory organ of female sexual response. Knowledge of its neural anatomy and related landmarks is essential for safe genital surgery. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the distal course of the dorsal nerves of the clitoris and associated structures. Methods Clitorises of 10 fresh cadavers were dissected. Measurements of the dorsal nerves, suspensory ligament, clitoral body, clitoral hood, and clitoral glans were obtained. The course of the dorsal nerves was examined. Results The dorsal nerves of the clitoris were larger than expected, ranging from 2.0 to 3.2 mm in diameter, on average, along their course in the clitoral body. In 9 of 10 specimens, the dorsal nerves could be traced to within 6 mm of the glans. They traveled deep to a superficial clitoral fascia but superficial to the tunica albuginea, were variably located between 10 and 2 o’clock, and were separated by the deep suspensory ligament (DSL) of the clitoris. The mean length of the descending clitoral body, from the angle to the base of the glans, was 37.0 mm. The mean distance from the pubic rim to the DSL was 37.7 mm. Conclusions The clitoral body is substantial in length, mostly lying superficially under the clitoral hood and mons pubis. The dorsal nerves of the clitoris are large and superficial, terminating at or near the base of the clitoral glans. Knowledge of this anatomy is critical prior to performing surgery near the clitoris.

Early social tutoring influences female sexual response in white-crowned sparrows

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Casey ◽  
Myron C. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Response ◽  
Female Sexual Response

scholarly journals Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in Rat Penis: Expression, Localization, and Effect on Cavernosal Pressure1

Endocrinology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 4342-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Lang ◽  
Nicole Endlich ◽  
Véronique Lindner ◽  
Karlhans Endlich ◽  
Thierry Massfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Corpus Cavernosa ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein ◽  
Dilatory Response ◽  
Dorsal Nerve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Functional Components

Abstract Although PTH-related protein-(1–36) [PTHrP-(1–36)] is known to be expressed in smooth muscle and to exert potent myorelaxant effects, its tonic effects on cavernosal smooth muscle has not yet been explored. Using the RT-PCR technique, the present study establishes that PTHrP messenger RNA is present in microdissected corpus cavernosa in the rat. In immunohistochemical studies using affinity-purified antibodies to middle regions of PTHrP, immunostaining was localized throughout the penile structures, including vessels, cavernosal smooth muscle, and trabecular fibroblasts. Strong immunostaining for PTHrP was also detected in the dorsal nerve bundles. In anesthetized rats, intracavernosally injected boluses of increasing doses of PTHrP-(1–36) (0.3–30 pmol in 100 μl saline) had little effect on intracavernosal pressure. However, they markedly potentiated the dilatory response to papaverine (8–800 nmol), increasing the papaverine-induced intracavernous pressure by 2.5-fold, close to the mean arterial pressure. In conclusion, the cavernosal expression of PTHrP messenger RNA, the distribution of immunoreactive PTHrP throughout the structuro-functional components of the erectile apparatus and its strong potentiating action on papaverine-induced cavernosal relaxation, collectively suggest that PTHrP participates in the control of cavernosal tone.

Female Sexual Response

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-476
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH McCAULEY ◽  
ANKE A. EHRHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Response ◽  
Female Sexual Response

Feasibility of an ultrasound-guided approach to radiofrequency ablation of the superolateral, superomedial and inferomedial genicular nerves: a cadaveric study

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 966-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Vanneste ◽  
Joanna Tomlinson ◽  
Matthias Desmet ◽  
Andrzej Krol
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Rf Ablation ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Degenerative Osteoarthritis ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
The Mean

IntroductionGenicular nerve radiofrequency (RF)denervation appears to be a promising treatment for knee pain in patients with degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee, when candidates are not suitable for arthroplasty. This study aimed to assess the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound-guided placement of RF cannulas in cadavers for genicular nerve treatment, by measuringthe needle-to-nerve proximity.Materials and methodsFive soft-fix human cadavers were included in this study, totaling 10 knees (meanage 93.8 years). Using the ultrasound-guided technique,which we have described previously, RF cannulas were directed toward the superolateral genicular nerve(SLGN), the superomedial genicular nerve (SMGN) and the inferomedial genicular nerve (IMGN). Indocyaninegreen (ICG) dye (0.1 mL) was infiltrated. An anatomical dissection was performed and the distance from the center of the ICG mark to the genicular nerve concerned was measured.ResultsThe mean distances from the center of the ICG mark to the SLGN, SMGN and IMGN were 2.33 mm(range 0.00–6.05 mm), 3.44 mm (range 0.00–10.59mm) and 1.32 mm (range 0.00–2.99 mm), respectively. There was no statistical difference in distances from the center of the ICG mark to the targeted nerve between the different nerves (p=0.18).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that ultrasound-guided treatment of the genicular nerves is feasible. However, for RF ablations, there are some limitations, which mostly can be overcome by using appropriate RF ablation settings.

Female Sexual Response

2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Basson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Response ◽  
Female Sexual Response

Anatomy of the clitoris and the female sexual response

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Response ◽  
Female Sexual Response

Pie Crust Technique of the Deep Medial Collateral Ligament in Knee Arthroscopy: Ultrasound and Anatomic Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (08) ◽  
pp. 764-769
Author(s):  
Guillem Claret-Garcia ◽  
Jordi Montañana-Burillo ◽  
Eduard Tornero-Dacasa ◽  
Manel Llusá-Pérez ◽  
Dragos Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Saphenous Nerve ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis article determines compartment opening of the medial articular space of the knee after pie crust (PC) technique of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) by ultrasound measurements and anatomic dissection. This is a cadaveric study of 12 specimens. Four anatomic references were marked on the skin. Distances between the femur and tibia in the internal compartment at 30 degrees of flexion were obtained with ultrasound measurements in four situations: with and without applying valgus force both prior and after the PC technique. Ultrasound measurements of the medial articular compartment were made twice and mean value was calculated. An anatomical dissection was performed and distances between the puncture marks and the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve was measured. Lilliefors test of normality was applied and variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD). Qualitative variables were expressed by absolute frequencies and percentages. Statistical significance was a two-tailed p-value of < 0.05. Prior to the PC technique, mean (SD) distance between the femur and tibia in the medial compartment were 14.2 (4.0) mm in basal conditions and 17.1 (3.7) mm when applying valgus force (p = 0.003). PC technique increased the mean (SD) distance by 1.9 (1.9) mm under basal conditions (p < 0.01) and 2.9 (1.6) mm when applying valgus force (p < 0.01). The infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve were not damaged and the mean (SD) distance between the punctures and the nerve was 9.0 (3.3) mm. The PC is a reproducible, safe, and measurable surgical technique that opens controllably the medial compartment. PC as described avoided damage to the nerve branches.

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