scholarly journals Parent presence, delayed dispersal, and territory acquisition in the Seychelles warbler

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Eikenaar ◽  
DS Richardson ◽  
L Brouwer ◽  
J Komdeur
The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-697
Author(s):  
Richard A. Phillips

Abstract Cooperative breeding is unusual in seabirds, but recorded in varying proportions in Brown Skuas (Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi). With no evidence for kin selection or delayed dispersal, nor for any reproductive advantage, the reason for its occurrence in skuas is uncertain. This study describes the incidence, composition, and breeding characteristics of trios of Brown Skuas at Bird Island, South Georgia. Trios were recorded in nine seasons, including a polygynous and a polyandrous trio found in both 2000–2001 and 2001–2002. In some years, birds hatched three chicks from supranormal clutches, which is exceptional in skuas and jaegers, yet their overall performance was no better than monogamous pairs. I suggest that compared with closely related taxa, Brown Skuas have a slight behavioral or genetic predisposition that facilitates cooperative breeding. Cooperation conveys a minor advantage in territory acquisition, but none in terms of reproductive success (particularly for polygynous groups), and consequently has not proliferated at most colonies. Tríos de Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi en Bird Island, Georgia del Sur: Incidencia y Composición Resumen. La crianza cooperativa es inusual en aves marinas pero se ha reportado en diversa medida en Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi. Sin ninguna evidencia sobre selección de parentesco o dispersión retrasada, ni ninguna ventaja reproductiva, se desconoce por qué sucede en los págalos. Este estudio describe la incidencia, composición y características de cría de tríos de S. lonnbergi en Bird Island, Georgia del Sur. Varios tríos fueron monitoreados durante nueve estaciones, incluyendo un trío poligínico y otro poliándrico encontrados en 2000–2001 y 2001–2002, respectivamente. En algunos años las aves lograron la eclosión de tres polluelos de nidadas más grandes de lo normal, lo cual es excepcional en págalos, pero su éxito no fue mayor que el de parejas monógamas. Se sugiere que en comparación con taxa estrechamente relacionados, S. lonnbergi tiene una ligera predisposición de tipo comportamental o genética que facilita la cría cooperativa. La cooperación conlleva una cierta ventaja en la adquisición de territorios, pero ninguna ventaja en términos de éxito reproductivo (en particular para grupos poligínicos), y en consecuencia no ha proliferado en la mayoría de las colonias.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Dyrcz ◽  
Chris Sharpe
Keyword(s):  

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Young ◽  
Steven L Monfort

Costs associated with extra-territorial movement are believed to have favoured the evolution of delayed dispersal and sociality across a range of social vertebrates, but remain surprisingly poorly understood. Here we reveal a novel mechanism that may contribute substantially to the costs of extra-territorial movement: physiological stress. We show that subordinate male meerkats, Suricata suricatta , exhibit markedly elevated faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels (a non-invasive measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity) while conducting extra-territorial prospecting forays. While brief increases in glucocorticoid levels are unlikely to be costly, chronic elevations, arising from prolonged and/or frequent forays, are expected to compromise fitness through their diverse negative effects on health. Our findings strongly suggest that prolonged extra-territorial movements do result in chronic stress, as the high glucocorticoid levels of prospectors do not diminish on longer forays and are no lower among males with greater prospecting experience. A generalized ‘stress’ of extra-territorial movement may therefore have strengthened selection for delayed dispersal and sociality in this and other species, and favoured the conduct of brief forays over extended periods of floating. Our findings have implications too for understanding the rank-related distribution of physiological stress in animal societies, as extra-territorial movements are often conducted solely by subordinates.


2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Dickinson ◽  
E. D. Ferree ◽  
C. A. Stern ◽  
R. Swift ◽  
B. Zuckerberg

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N.C. Milner ◽  
I. Booksmythe ◽  
M.D. Jennions ◽  
P.R.Y. Backwell

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. R417-R418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ekman
Keyword(s):  

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Cain

Phaeotrichum hystricinum Cain and Barr is described from specimens collected in Ontario, Vermont, New York, and Michigan and is made the type species of a new genus. It has been found on porcupine dung from numerous localities. The black, shining, superficial ascocarps are covered with scattered straight black appendages. The clavate stalked asci are in irregular fascicles, eight spored, and with a firm wall which is evanescent at maturity. The ascospores are two-celled, thick-walled, deeply constricted, and readily separating at the transverse septum. There is a large conspicuous germ pore at each end of the ascospore. P. circinatum Cain is described from specimens collected on lemming dung in Northern Ungava, Quebec. This species is distinguished from the former by means of the appendages, which are stouter and curved at the apex. These two species are closely related and very similar to the ostiolate Trichodelitschia bisporula (Crouan) Munk. The new genus is made the type of a new family of cleistocarpous Ascoloculares, with a discussion on the evolution, in many Ascomycete taxa, of cleistocarps adapted either to the utilization of special agencies, rather than air currents, for carrying the ascospores or to delayed dispersal.


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