scholarly journals Pseudo semiparametric maximum likelihood estimation exploiting gene environment independence for population-based case-control studies with complex samples

Biostatistics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
B. I. Graubard
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Gene Environment

scholarly journals The causal effect and impact of reproductive factors on breast cancer using super learner and targeted maximum likelihood estimation: a case-control study in Fars Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Almasi-Hashiani ◽  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Reza Ghiasvand ◽  
Saeid Safiri ◽  
Maryam Nazemipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Targeted Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives The relationship between reproductive factors and breast cancer (BC) risk has been investigated in previous studies. Considering the discrepancies in the results, the aim of this study was to estimate the causal effect of reproductive factors on BC risk in a case-control study using the double robust approach of targeted maximum likelihood estimation. Methods This is a causal reanalysis of a case-control study done between 2005 and 2008 in Shiraz, Iran, in which 787 confirmed BC cases and 928 controls were enrolled. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation along with super Learner were used to analyze the data, and risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD), andpopulation attributable fraction (PAF) were reported. Results Our findings did not support parity and age at the first pregnancy as risk factors for BC. The risk of BC was higher among postmenopausal women (RR = 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (2.3, 4.6)), women with the age at first marriage ≥20 years (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = (1.3, 2.1)), and the history of oral contraceptive (OC) use (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = (1.3, 2.1)) or breastfeeding duration ≤60 months (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = (1.3, 2.5)). The PAF for menopause status, breastfeeding duration, and OC use were 40.3% (95% CI = 39.5, 40.6), 27.3% (95% CI = 23.1, 30.8) and 24.4% (95% CI = 10.5, 35.5), respectively. Conclusions Postmenopausal women, and women with a higher age at first marriage, shorter duration of breastfeeding, and history of OC use are at the higher risk of BC.

scholarly journals Estimating the Marginal Causal Effect and Potential Impact of Waterpipe Smoking on Multiple Sclerosis Using Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method: a Large Population-Based Incident Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdollahpour ◽  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Amir Almasi-Hashiani ◽  
Maryam Nazemipour ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Targeted Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Control Study

Abstract There are few if any reports regarding the role of lifetime waterpipe smoking in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology. The authors investigated the association between waterpipe and MS, adjusted for confounders. This was a population-based incident case-control study conducted in Tehran, Iran. Cases (n=547) were 15–50-year-old patients identified from the Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Society between 2013 and 2015. Population-based controls (n=1057) were 15–50-year old recruited by random digit telephone dialing. A double robust estimator method known as targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE) was used to estimate the marginal risk ratio and odds ratio between waterpipe and MS. The both estimated RR and OR was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.34, 2.17). The population attributable fraction was 21.4% (95% CI: 4.0%, 38.8%). Subject to the limitations of case-control studies in interpreting associations causally, this study suggests that waterpipe use, or its strongly related but undetermined factors, increases the risk of MS. Further epidemiological studies including nested case-control studies are needed to confirm these results.

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