scholarly journals Effect of racemic mixture and the (S+)-isomer of ketamine on temporal and spatial summation of pain

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Arendt-Nielsen ◽  
J Nielsen ◽  
S Petersen-Felix ◽  
T W Schnider ◽  
A M Zbinden
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Effect of expiratory loading on expiratory duration and pulmonary stretch receptor discharge

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1857-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Davenport ◽  
J. A. Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Stretch Receptor ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Pulmonary Stretch Receptors ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
Pulmonary Stretch Receptor

Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors have been hypothesized to be the afferents mediating the vagally dependent, volume-related prolongation of expiratory time (TE) during expiratory loading. It has been further suggested that the vagal component of this prolongation of TE is due to the temporal summation of pulmonary stretch receptor (PSR) activity during expiratory loading. This hypothesis was tested in rabbits exposed to resistive and elastic single-breath expiratory loading while PSR′s were simultaneously recorded. Both types of loads resulted in a decreased expired volume (VE) and increased expiratory duration (TE). The TE for resistive loads were significantly greater than for elastic loads for equivalent VE. Thus two different VE-TE relationships were found for resistive and elastic loads. When TE was plotted against the area under the expired volume trajectory, a single linear relationship was observed. PSR activity recorded during expiratory loading increased as VE decreased and TE increased. A single linear relationship resulted when the number of PSR spikes during the expiration was plotted against the associated TE for all types of loads. These findings demonstrate that the volume-related prolongation of TE with single-breath expiratory loads is associated with an increase in PSR discharge. These results support the hypothesis that the vagal component of load-dependent prolongation of TE is a function of both the temporal and spatial summation of PSR activity during the expiratory phase.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial summation in the human rod visual system.

1993 ◽  
Vol 463 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
L T Sharpe ◽  
A Stockman ◽  
C C Fach ◽  
U Markstahler
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Amorphous InGaZnO 4 Neuron Transistors with Temporal and Spatial Summation Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 058502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Fu Du ◽  
Ping Feng ◽  
Xiang Wan ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Qing Wan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Amorphous Ingazno

Laryngeal Spasm: A Neurophysiologic Redefinition

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Suzuki ◽  
Clarence T. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Glottic Closure ◽  
Laryngeal Spasm ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Glottic Closure Reflex ◽  
Stimulation Of

Within the limits of standard neurophysiologic techniques, we have attempted to redefine laryngeal spasm as distinct from the glottic closure reflex. This distinction is based upon the observation that laryngeal spasm is solely mediated by the superior laryngeal nerve. Stimulation of other afferent nerves, capable of eliciting the glottic closure reflex, produces little adductor after-discharge activity that is characteristic of laryngeal spasm. In this regard, modification of output function from the adductor motoneuron aggregate by means of temporal and spatial summation of sensory input data has been described, and its characteristics further defined in response to varying ventilatory states and barbiturate levels.

scholarly journals TEMPORAL SUMMATION IN RHYTHMICALLY ACTIVE MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX PATHWAYS

1957 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. C. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Monosynaptic Reflex ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Monosynaptic reflex responses elicited by repetitive stimulation in the frequency range between 60 and 100 per second yield evidence of temporal summation. The relation between stimulus interval and mean monosynaptic reflex response in the steady state at the frequencies studied is described adequately by an exponential decaying to 1/e in 4 msec. Since the temporal course of spatial summation is described adequately by the same exponential it is concluded that the two phenomena, temporal and spatial, are expressions of the same fundamental process intrinsic to the workings of the monosynaptic reflex pathway, to wit the synaptic potential-residual facilitation mechanism of prior descriptions. Some discussion of implications is appended.

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