scholarly journals Associative Encoding in Anterior Piriform Cortex versus Orbitofrontal Cortex during Odor Discrimination and Reversal Learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Roesch ◽  
T. A. Stalnaker ◽  
G. Schoenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Anterior Piriform Cortex

scholarly journals Temporal coordination of olfactory cortex sharp-wave activity with up- and downstates in the orbitofrontal cortex during slow-wave sleep

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Onisawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Kensaku Mori
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Temporal Coordination ◽  
Anterior Piriform Cortex

During slow-wave sleep, interareal communications via coordinated, slow oscillatory activities occur in the large-scale networks of the mammalian neocortex. Because olfactory cortex (OC) areas, which belong to paleocortex, show characteristic sharp-wave (SPW) activity during slow-wave sleep, we examined whether OC SPWs in freely behaving rats occur in temporal coordination with up- and downstates of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) slow oscillation. Simultaneous recordings of local field potentials and spike activities in the OC and OFC showed that during the downstate in the OFC, the OC also exhibited downstate with greatly reduced neuronal activity and suppression of SPW generation. OC SPWs occurred during two distinct phases of the upstate of the OFC: early-phase SPWs occurred at the start of upstate shortly after the down-to-up transition in the OFC, whereas late-phase SPWs were generated at the end of upstate shortly before the up-to-down transition. Such temporal coordination between neocortical up- and downstates and olfactory system SPWs was observed between the prefrontal cortex areas (OFC and medial prefrontal cortex) and the OC areas (anterior piriform cortex and posterior piriform cortex). These results suggest that during slow-wave sleep, OC and OFC areas communicate preferentially in specific time windows shortly after the down-to-up transition and shortly before the up-to-down transition. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Simultaneous recordings of local field potentials and spike activities in the anterior piriform cortex (APC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during slow-wave sleep showed that APC sharp waves tended to occur during two distinct phases of OFC upstate: early phase, shortly after the down-to-up transition, and late phase, shortly before the up-to-down transition, suggesting that during slow-wave sleep, olfactory cortex and OFC areas communicate preferentially in the specific time windows.

Comparison of Odor Receptive Field Plasticity in the Rat Olfactory Bulb and Anterior Piriform Cortex

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 3036-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Anterior Piriform Cortex ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Tufted Cells

Recent work in the anterior piriform cortex (aPCX) has demonstrated that cortical odor receptive fields are highly dynamic, showing rapid changes of both firing rate and temporal patterning within relatively few inhalations of an odor, despite relatively maintained, patterned input from olfactory bulb mitral/tufted cells. The present experiment examined the precision (odor-specificity) of this receptive field plasticity and compared it with the primary cortical afferent, olfactory bulb mitral/tufted cells. Adult Long-Evans hooded rats, urethan anesthetized and freely breathing, were used for single-unit recording from mitral/tufted and aPCX layer II/III neurons. Partial mapping of receptive fields to alkane odors (pentane, heptane, and nonane) was performed before and immediately after habituation (50-s exposure) to one of the alkanes. The results demonstrated that odor habituation of aPCX responses was odor specific, with minimal cross-habituation between alkanes differing by as few as two carbons. Mitral/tufted cells, however, showed strong cross-habituation within the odor set with the most profound cross effects to carbon chains shorter than the habituating stimulus. The results suggest that although mitral/tufted cells and aPCX neurons have roughly similar odor receptive fields, aPCX neurons have significantly better odor discrimination within their receptive field. The results have important implications for understanding the underlying bases of receptive fields in olfactory system neurons and the mechanisms of odor discrimination and memory.

scholarly journals Rapid, Experience-Induced Enhancement in Odorant Discrimination by Anterior Piriform Cortex Neurons

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Anterior Piriform Cortex ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Tufted Cells ◽  
A Site ◽  
Enormous Number

Current views of odorant discrimination by the mammalian olfactory system suggest that the piriform cortex serves as a site of odor object synthesis. Given the enormous number of odorant feature combinations possible in nature, however, it seems unlikely that cortical synthetic receptive fields (RFs) are innate but rather require experience for their formation. The present experiment addressed two issues. First, we made a direct comparison of mitral/tufted cell and anterior piriform cortex (aPCX) neuron abilities to discriminate odorant mixtures from their components to further test whether aPCX neurons can treat collections of features different from the features themselves (synthetic coding). Second, we attempted to determine the minimum duration of experience necessary for formation of cortical synthetic RFs. Single-unit recordings were made from mitral/tufted cells and aPCX layer II/III neurons in urethan-anesthetized rats. Cross-habituation between novel binary mixtures and their novel components was used to determine odor discrimination abilities. The results suggest that after ≥50 s of experience with a binary mixture, aPCX neurons can discriminate the mixture from its components, whereas mitral/tufted cells cannot. However, when limited to 10 s of experience with the mixture, aPCX neurons appear similar to mitral/tufted cells and do not discriminate mixtures from components. These results suggest experience-dependent synthetic processing in aPCX and suggest an important role for perceptual learning in normal odor discrimination.

scholarly journals Associative Encoding in Posterior Piriform Cortex during Odor Discrimination and Reversal Learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1342-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Calu ◽  
M. R. Roesch ◽  
T. A. Stalnaker ◽  
G. Schoenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Odor Discrimination

scholarly journals The distributed circuit within the piriform cortex makes odor discrimination robust

2018 ◽  
Vol 526 (17) ◽  
pp. 2725-2743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Srinivasan ◽  
Charles F. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Odor Discrimination

scholarly journals Active information maintenance in working memory by a sensory cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Yan ◽  
Wenliang Wang ◽  
Hongmei Fan ◽  
Ruiqing Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Anterior Piriform Cortex ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
The Brain

SummaryWorking memory is a critical function of the brain to maintain and manipulate information over delay periods of seconds. Sensory areas have been implicated in working memory; however, it is debated whether the delay-period activity of sensory regions is actively maintaining information or passively reflecting top-down inputs. We hereby examined the anterior piriform cortex, an olfactory cortex, in head-fixed mice performing a series of olfactory working memory tasks. Information maintenance is necessary in these tasks, especially in a dual-task paradigm in which mice are required to perform another distracting task while actively maintaining information during the delay period. Optogenetic suppression of the piriform cortex activity during the delay period impaired performance in all the tasks.Furthermore, electrophysiological recordings revealed that the delay-period activity of the anterior piriform cortex encoded odor information with or without the distracting task.Thus, this sensory cortex is critical for active information maintenance in working memory.

Distinct patterns of abnormal lateral orbitofrontal cortex activity during compulsive grooming and reversal learning normalize after fluoxetine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Manning ◽  
Matthew A. Geramita ◽  
Sean C. Piantadosi ◽  
Jamie L. Pierson ◽  
Susanne E. Ahmari
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex
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