scholarly journals Clinically Significant Lower Elvitegravir Exposure During the Third Trimester of Pregnant Patients Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Data From the Pharmacokinetics of ANtiretroviral agents in HIV-infected pregNAnt women (PANNA) Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. e714-e717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bukkems ◽  
Coca Necsoi ◽  
Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio ◽  
Coral Garcia ◽  
Jürgen Rockstroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Dosing Interval ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract This phase 4 study investigated the influence of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir/cobicistat in 14 women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The results support the recommendation against elvitegravir/cobicistat use during pregnancy, as the elvitegravir concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Ctrough) was reduced by 77%, with 85% of pregnant women having a Ctrough below the effective concentration (EC90). Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00825929.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Therapy with a Twice-Daily Regimen Containing 400 Milligrams of Indinavir and 100 Milligrams of Ritonavir in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women during Pregnancy

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1542-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Ghosn ◽  
Ines De Montgolfier ◽  
Chantal Cornélie ◽  
Stéphanie Dominguez ◽  
Claire Pérot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mother To Child

ABSTRACT We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a twice daily regimen containing 400 mg of indinavir and 100 mg of ritonavir in 32 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women during pregnancy. The median indinavir trough concentration was 208 ng/ml during the third trimester. At delivery, 26 of 28 women on indinavir-ritonavir had HIV RNA levels of <200 copies/ml. No infant was HIV infected. These data are encouraging for the use of this combination for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

scholarly journals Lowered Rilpivirine Exposure During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stein Schalkwijk ◽  
Angela Colbers ◽  
Deborah Konopnicki ◽  
Andrea Gingelmaier ◽  
John Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The Effect of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetics of Total and Unbound Dolutegravir and Its Main Metabolite in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Bollen ◽  
Jolien Freriksen ◽  
Deborah Konopnicki ◽  
Katharina Weizsäcker ◽  
Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Abstract Background Pharmacokinetic and efficacy data on dolutegravir in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are still limited but needed to support its use as one of the preferred antiretroviral agents. Methods Within the multicenter Pharmacokinetics of ANtiretroviral agents in HIV-infected pregNAnt women (PANNA) study, pregnant women living with HIV and using dolutegravir once daily (50 mg, with food) underwent 24-hour pharmacokinetic profiling in their third trimester and postpartum. Dolutegravir exposure in the third trimester was considered adequate if geometric mean unbound, pharmacologically active, minimal plasma concentrations (Cmin, unbound) and ≥90% of individual Cmin, unbound levels were &gt;0.85 µg/L, the proposed 90% inhibitory concentration for unbound dolutegravir. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) with 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for comparison of total and unbound pharmacokinetic parameters in the third trimester and postpartum were calculated, including the metabolic ratio for dolutegravir-glucuronide. Safety and virological data were collected. Results Seventeen women (76% black) were enrolled (25 evaluable pharmacokinetic profiles; 15 in the third trimester, 10 in postpartum). In the third trimester, geometric mean (coefficient of variation, %) Cmin, unbound was 2.87 (87) µg/L and 93% of individual Cmin, unbound levels were &gt;0.85 µg/L. The GMR (90% CI) in the third trimester vs postpartum was 0.86 (.68–1.10) for area under the curve (AUC0-24h), and for Cmax, 0.93 (.77–1.13). GMR (90% CI) for the trough concentrations was 0.71 (.49–1.02), based on total dolutegravir concentrations. Four serious adverse events were reported, unlikely related to dolutegravir. The HIV polymerase chain reaction test was negative in 14/17 infants (result unknown for 3 infants). Conclusions Pharmacokinetic changes for dolutegravir in late pregnancy are not clinically relevant and support the use of dolutegravir 50 mg once daily with food in pregnancy. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00825929.

scholarly journals Identification of novel thiocarboxanilide derivatives that suppress a variety of drug-resistant mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains at a potency similar to that for wild-type virus.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1454-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Balzarini ◽  
W G Brouwer ◽  
D C Dao ◽  
E M Osika ◽  
E De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Mutant Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Hiv 1

A large variety of carboxanilide and thiocarboxanilide derivatives in which the original oxathiin or aliphatic moieties present in the prototype compounds UC84 and UC38 were replaced by an (un) substituted furanyl, thienyl, phenyl, or pyrrole entity have been evaluated for activity against wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain IIIB [HIV-1 (IIIB)] and a series of mutant virus strains derived thereof. The mutant viruses contained either the Leu-100-->Ile, Lys-103-->Asn, Val-106-->Ala, Glu-138-->Lys, Tyr-181-->Cys, or Tyr-188-->Leu mutation in their reverse transcriptase. Several 3-(2-methylfuranyl)- and 3-(2-methylthienyl)-thiocarboxanilide ester, (thio)ether, and oxime ether derivatives showed exquisitely potent antiviral activity against wild-type HIV-1 (50% effective concentration, 0.009 to 0.021 microM). The pentenylethers of the 2-methylfuranyl and 2-methylthienyl derivatives (i.e., 313, N-[4-chloro-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]- 2-methyl-3-furancarbothioamide or UC-781, and 314, N-[4-chloro-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl] -2-methyl-3-thiophenecarbothioamide or UC-82) proved virtually equally inhibitory for wild-type and the Ile-100, Ala-106, and Lys-138 mutant virus strains (50% effective concentration, 0.015 to 0.021 microM). Their inhibitory effect against the Asn-103 and Cys-181 reverse transcriptase mutant virus strains was decreased only four- to sevenfold compared with wildtype virus. UC-781 and UC-82 should be considered potential candidate drugs for the treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals.

Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Among Pregnant Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 293-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Repke ◽  
Timothy Townsend ◽  
Jacqueline Coberly ◽  
Geraldine McQuillan ◽  
Neal Halsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Relationship between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection, Anemia, and Levels and Function of Antibodies to Variant Surface Antigens in Pregnancy-Associated Malaria

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Jaworowski ◽  
Liselle A. Fernandes ◽  
Francisca Yosaatmadja ◽  
Gaoqian Feng ◽  
Victor Mwapasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Variant Surface Antigens ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Blocking Activity ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection decreases antibodies to variant surface antigens implicated in pregnancy-associated malaria (VSA-PAM) caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The effect of HIV-1 on antibody functions that may protect mothers from pregnancy-associated malaria is unknown. Sera from multigravid pregnant women with malaria and HIV-1 coinfection (n = 58) or malaria alone (n = 29) and from HIV-1-infected (n = 102) or -uninfected (n = 54) multigravidae without malaria were analyzed for anti-VSA-PAM antibodies by flow cytometry, the ability to inhibit adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A, or to opsonize CS2-infected erythrocytes for phagocytosis by THP-1 cells. In women with malaria, anti-VSA-PAM levels correlated better with opsonic activity (r = 0.60) than with adhesion-blocking activity (r = 0.33). In univariate analysis, HIV-1 coinfection was associated with lower opsonic activity but not adhesion-blocking activity or anti-VSA-PAM levels. Malaria-infected women with anemia (hemoglobin levels of <11.0 g/dl) had lower opsonic activity than nonanemic women (P = 0.007) independent of HIV-1 status. By multivariate analysis, in malaria-infected women, anemia (but not HIV status) was associated with opsonic activity. In women without malaria, opsonic activity was not associated with either anemia or HIV-1 status. In multigravid pregnant women with malaria, impaired serum opsonic activity may contribute to anemia and possibly to the decreased immunity to pregnancy-associated malaria associated with HIV-1.

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