Relationship between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection, Anemia, and Levels and Function of Antibodies to Variant Surface Antigens in Pregnancy-Associated Malaria

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection decreases antibodies to variant surface antigens implicated in pregnancy-associated malaria (VSA-PAM) caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The effect of HIV-1 on antibody functions that may protect mothers from pregnancy-associated malaria is unknown. Sera from multigravid pregnant women with malaria and HIV-1 coinfection (n = 58) or malaria alone (n = 29) and from HIV-1-infected (n = 102) or -uninfected (n = 54) multigravidae without malaria were analyzed for anti-VSA-PAM antibodies by flow cytometry, the ability to inhibit adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A, or to opsonize CS2-infected erythrocytes for phagocytosis by THP-1 cells. In women with malaria, anti-VSA-PAM levels correlated better with opsonic activity (r = 0.60) than with adhesion-blocking activity (r = 0.33). In univariate analysis, HIV-1 coinfection was associated with lower opsonic activity but not adhesion-blocking activity or anti-VSA-PAM levels. Malaria-infected women with anemia (hemoglobin levels of <11.0 g/dl) had lower opsonic activity than nonanemic women (P = 0.007) independent of HIV-1 status. By multivariate analysis, in malaria-infected women, anemia (but not HIV status) was associated with opsonic activity. In women without malaria, opsonic activity was not associated with either anemia or HIV-1 status. In multigravid pregnant women with malaria, impaired serum opsonic activity may contribute to anemia and possibly to the decreased immunity to pregnancy-associated malaria associated with HIV-1.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity and drug resistance profiles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains infecting pregnant women in the Greater Lisbon

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.182 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. S91-S92

Author(s):

C. Simões ◽

E. Pádua ◽

A. Mendes ◽

A. Esteves ◽

R. Parreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

Download Full-text

Influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype on mother-to-child transmission

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.18754-0 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 607-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Natàlia Tàpia ◽

Sandra Franco ◽

Francesc Puig-Basagoiti ◽

Clara Menéndez ◽

Pedro Luis Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Mother To Child ◽

Hiv 1

The present study was designed to assess whether the subtype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) could affect the rate of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in a cohort of 31 HIV-1-seropositive pregnant Tanzanian women. In order to assign a subtype to the samples analysed, nucleotide sequencing of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat U3 and C2V3C3 envelope regions was performed from the sera of these 31 pregnant women. Except in three cases, amplification of both regions was achieved in all samples. Subtypes A (n=13, 46 %), C (n=6, 21 %) and D (n=2, 7 %), as well as a number (25 %) of A/C, C/A, D/A and C/D recombinant forms (n=3, 2, 1 and 1, respectively), were identified. Of the 31 HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women analysed, eight (26 %) transmitted HIV-1 to their infants. Among the eight transmitter mothers, four (4 of 13, 31 %) were infected with HIV-1 subtype A, one (1 of 6, 17 %) with HIV-1 subtype C, none (0 of 2, 0 %) with HIV-1 subtype D and three (3 of 7, 43 %) with HIV-1 subtype recombinant A/C. These findings show no significant differences in the mother-to-child transmissibility of HIV-1 subtypes A, C and D and detected recombinants forms.

Download Full-text

Field Evaluation of a Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serial Serologic Testing Algorithm for Diagnosis and Differentiation of HIV Type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and Dual HIV-1-HIV-2 Infections in West African Pregnant Women

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.42.9.4147-4153.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 4147-4153 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

F. Rouet ◽

D. K. Ekouevi ◽

A. Inwoley ◽

M.-L. Chaix ◽

M. Burgard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

West African ◽

Serologic Testing ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Type 1 ◽

Testing Algorithm ◽

Hiv 1

Download Full-text

Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Pregnant Women on Variant-Specific Immunity to Malaria

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00378-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 617-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Edson G. Dembo ◽

Victor Mwapasa ◽

Jacqui Montgomery ◽

Alister G. Craig ◽

Kimberly A. Porter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Surface Antigens ◽

Clinical Malaria ◽

Variant Surface Antigens ◽

Specific Immunity ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection, and this has most clearly been demonstrated in pregnant women. Variant surface antigens on the surfaces of erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum are major targets of protective immunity. We studied the impact of HIV infection on pregnant women's humoral immunity to variant surface antigens expressed by placental and pediatric isolates of P. falciparum. By flow cytometry, sera from HIV-infected women more frequently lacked antibodies to these antigens than sera from HIV-uninfected women. This difference was similar in magnitude for pediatric isolates (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14, 35.32; P < 0.05) and placental isolates (unadjusted OR = 6.47; 95% CI = 0.75, 55.64; P < 0.10). We divided women into high and low responders on the basis of their antibody levels. After adjustment for CD4 count, maternal age, and gravidity, we found that HIV-infected women more frequently had low responses to both pediatric isolates (OR = 5.34; 95% CI = 1.23, 23.16; P = 0.025) and placental isolates (OR = 4.14; 95% CI = 1.71, 10.02; P = 0.002). The relative quantity of antibodies to both pediatric isolates (P = 0.035) and placental isolates (P = 0.005) was lower in HIV-infected women than in HIV-uninfected women. HIV infection has a broad impact on variant-specific immunity, which may explain the susceptibility of infected individuals to clinical malaria episodes.

Download Full-text