Measurement of Lead in Blood and Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
R O Farrelly ◽  
J Pybus
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Technical Error ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract An extraction method for the estimation of lead in red cells is given. The method avoids both acid digestion and/or protein precipitation. It is extremely simple and reliable, and can easily be performed by technicians. A technical error of 4.5 v.g lead per 100 ml of red cells has been obtained. The use of red cells instead of whole blood provides a more accurate measure of exposure to lead as the lead is concen¬trated within the red cells. Normal and toxic ranges are given. As it is frequently required to monitor the lead excretion of patients receiving chelates for therapy, a method for the analysis of urine specimens from patients on this therapy is given.

Carbon Rod Atomizer Applied to Measurement of Lead in Whole Blood by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
N P Kubasik ◽  
M T Volosin ◽  
M H Murray
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Carbon Rod Atomizer ◽  
Whole Blood Sample

Abstract An atomic absorption method is described for determining lead in blood by means of the carbon rod atomizer. With the procedure, only a dilution of the whole blood sample is required, and results are comparable to those obtained by the more generally used atomic absorption flame technique. Advantages of the carbon rod include rapid analysis, simple sample preparation, and small sample volumes.

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry of Rubidium in Biological Fluids

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sutter ◽  
S R Platman ◽  
R R Fieve
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Bicarbonate ◽  
Interfering Ions

Abstract The atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for measurement of rubidium in serum, plasma, whole blood, and urine was evaluated, and the effects of interfering ions were studied. Absorbance was most enhanced by potassium and sodium; calcium, bicarbonate, and chloride at the concentrations found in serum did not affect rubidium absorption. Naturally occurring rubidium concentrations in serum, plasma, whole blood, and urine are 3, 4, 70, and 18 µEq/liter, respectively, much lower than expected therapeutic concentrations. Methods for preparing standards, optimum instrument settings, and special treatment of samples were established with specimens from monkeys treated with rubidium. These procedures are applicable to human bloods from patients receiving rubidium therapy when such therapy is begun for treatment of affective disorders.

Analysis for lead in undiluted whole blood by tantalum ribbon atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Therrell ◽  
J M Drosche ◽  
T W Dziuk
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Beam System ◽  
No Sample Preparation

Abstract We describe a modified tantalum ribbon atomic absorption procedure for determining lead in undiluted whole blood. An instrumentation Laboratory (I.L.) Model 151 atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with an I.L. Model 355 Flameless Sampler was used. The Flameless Sampler was slightly modified to include three-cycle operation instead of the normal two cycles. This modified single-beam system, equipped with background correction, allows 5-microliter specimens of whole blood to be quickly and accurately analyzed. No sample preparation other than vortex mixing is involved and method reliability has been demonstrated during an extended period of successful participation in proficiency testing studies conducted by the Center for Disease Control. This tantalum ribbon methodology has further been demonstrated to be effective both as a primary screening procedure and as a confirmatory procedure, when coupled with erythrocyte protoporphyrin determinations, in screening over 300 000 clients during a three-year period of use in the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Program in Texas.

Automated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 797-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Klein ◽  
James H Kaufman ◽  
Morris Oklander
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A simplified flow system is presented for the determination of calcium in urine and spinal fluid, by automated atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Analysis following the addition of calcium to urine or spinal fluid specimens showed a mean recovery of 103% and 99%, respectively. A comparison of results of analyses on unselected urine specimens by manual and automated AAS shows good agreement.

Collaborative Study of a Method for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric and Polarographic Determination of Cadmium in Food

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-881
Author(s):  
Raymond J Gajan ◽  
John H Gould ◽  
James O Watts ◽  
John A Fiorino
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Abstract The method studied involves acid digestion, dithizone extraction, and determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and polarography. This study consisted of 2 phases, with 10 laboratories participating in Phase I and 15 laboratories in Phase II. The 12 commodities studied (lettuce, potatoes, orange juice, shredded wheat, milk, sugar, eggs, fish, frankfurters, rice, beans, and oysters) were spiked at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm cadmium. Only 3 collaborators submitted polarographic results. There were no statistically demonstrable differences for the atomic absorption method between spiking levels, commodities, or laboratories. Coefficients of variation were acceptable. The atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for determining cadmium has been adopted as official first action.

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