Smoking effect on the cadmium and zinc concentration in smokers and nonsmokers

Studies have shown that cigarette smoking affects the accumulation of some heavy metals in certain tissues and metabolism of essential elements. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the concentrations of cadmium in the blood and urine and zinc in the urine of smokers and ex-smokers in relation to non-smokers, and to determine the possible influence of cadmium concentration on zinc excretion as an essential element. The study included 106 subjects. Subjects were regular smokers (n=51), ex-smokers (n=38) and non-smokers (n=17). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) with an electrothermal atomizer was used to determine cadmium. Zinc was determined by AAS with a flame atomizer. There was a significant difference in the values of cadmium in the blood between the groups: smokers and non-smokers (p<0.001), smokers and ex-smokers (p <0.001), and between ex-smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.045). There is a significant positive and strong correlation in the level of zinc and cadmium in urine per gram of creatinine, and as the level of cadmium increases, the level of zinc also increases (rho=0.781; p=0.001). The data indicate that cigarette smoking has been shown to be a factor that can increase cadmium levels to an extent that will significantly increase zinc excretion, or its increased loss.

Potential of Hyacinth Activated in Lowering Levels of Lead Heavy Metals by Method of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

The Barito River as the largest and longest river in South Kalimantan has been convicted as the most polluted river on an international level. Where one of the most commonly found compounds is the heavy metal lead (Pb) with a high enough levels that alternatives are needed to reduce the levels of the metal. One way to reduce the levels of such heavy metals is to use activated carbon hyacinth. So the activated carbon from hyacinth is made in accordance with SII No.0258-79 and knows the effect of variations in the administration of activated carbon hyacinth at a time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes in lowering the levels of lead heavy metals (Pb). The research method used to determine the effect of variations in the administration of activated carbon hyacinth is by quantitative testing using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry tool. The results showed that activated carbon hyacinth has met SII No.0258-79 with a randemen test result of 15%, water content of 3%, and absorption of iodine of 241.16 mg / gram. Significant value produced 0.742 with regression value (r) 0.999 and resulted in decreased lead metal levels in the variation of 15 minutes activated carbon administration of -0.030 mg / l with an absorption of 120%, 30 minutes of 0.073 mg / l with an absorption of 48% and 45 minutes of -0.097 mg / l with an absorption of 167%. Hyacinth activated carbon can be used to lower the levels of lead heavy metals (Pb) with a maximum contact time of 45 minutes by 167%.

ANÁLISIS DE MINERALES SÉRICOS DE CERDAS EN LACTACIÓN EN DOS GRANJAS COMERCIALES

Mineral nutrition is essential for profitable production. Health affected is not provided proper levels minerals. Objective of the present work was to analyze mineral profile in serum of sows in lactation, province Santa Fe (A), Entre Rios (B) and fed with diets minerals of inorganic origin. Blood serum samples 68 sows, Farm A (in field) and Farm B (in stabled form) were analyzed. Mineral concentrations were determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry; ANOVA was applied to these data. Mean values and their standard deviations obtained are: Calcium (Ca) (mg/dL): 8,61±3,44/ 8,11± 1,73; Phosphorus (P) (mg/dL): 2,66a±0,90/ 3,53b± 1,16; Magnesium (Mg) (mg/dL): 2,25a±0,30/ 1,89b±0,35; Sodium (Na) (mEq/L): 160,98a±15,47/ 138,53b±9,48; Potassium (K) (mEq/L): 3,42±0,24/ 3,58±0,33; Iron (Fe) (µg/dL): 62,74a±6,07/ 94,82b±19,19; Copper (Cu) (ppm): 1,63a±0,35/ 1,01b±0,32; Zinc (Zn) (ppm): 1,82a±0,5/ 1,50b±0,42, for farms A and B respectively. Na and Zn averages were observed slightly above upper limit of normal range. Copper in farm B was observed below normal range. Significant difference (“a” and “b” P <0.05) in P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn was observed between two farms, this is due to difference in gestation system. Cu concentration tended to be less. Is that subject should continue to be studied.

Analisis Kadar Merkuri Dalam Rambut Penambang Emas Desa Alue Baro Kecamatan Meukek Secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom

The activity of using mercury in gold mining in Alue Baro Village, Meukek District is carried out freely so that it has a negative impact on the environment and the health of the miners. This study aims to determine the level of mercury in the hair of artisanal gold miners in Alue Baro village by referring to the reference that has been set by WHO. The data sample collection was carried out by taking 6 hair samples from the Alue Baro village gold miners who were selected with various types of work, namely gold processing, waste processing and waste waste until the time of the interview with a minimum working period of 1 year with sample codes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 as control samples. The six samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry equipped with a Mercury Analyzer which showed results, respectively, 1.01; 2.38; 1.65; 1.35; 1.66; and 0.64 ppm. The results of this study indicate that all hair samples have mercury levels above the mercury threshold that has been set by WHO, namely 1 ppm. High levels of mercury in hair samples were analyzed on exposure to mercury. Further research was conducted to analyze other metals contained in the hair of gold miners in Alue Baro village

Jatropha integerrima, Duranta erecta and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis as Potential Lead Absorbent from Polluted Air in Dense Traffic Area

Lead (Pb) is one of the contaminants found in polluted air, especially in the area with dense traffic. Herbaceous plants are potentially used to reduce the Pb content in the polluted air. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of several plants, such as Jatropha integerrima, Duranta erecta and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, as Pb absorbents from polluted air based on Pb accumulation and chlorophyll levels. The lead content was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), while the chlorophyll content was tested using spectrophotometers at wavelengths of 649 nm and 665 nm. Results showed that the three plant species had potential as Pb absorbents from the air. The highest lead content was found from J. integerrima at 1.293 mg/kg, followed by H. rosa-sinensis at 1.232 mg/kg and D. erecta at 0.840 mg/kg. On the other hand, the highest level of leaf chlorophyll content was H. rosa-sinensis at 16.116 mg/kg, followed by D. erecta L. at 12.594 mg/kg and J. integerrima Jacq. of 10.297 mg/kg. No correlation was found between the Pb level and chlorophyll content of the three plants. It can be concluded that the three herbaceous plants have potential as Pb absorbents in the polluted air.

Evaluasi Level Toksik Logam Berat pada Air, Sedimen Tersuspensi, dan Sedimen Dasar di Sungai Winongo, D.I.Yogyakarta

Aktivitas manusia di sekitar Sungai Winongo dapat berdampak pada kontaminasi logam berat dari limpasan permukaan dan buangan langsung. Sifat toksik pada logam perlu diperhatikan karena dapat terakumulasi dalam waktu yang lama dan merusak lingkungan. Evaluasi logam berat dapat dilakukan dengan cara pemantauan kualitas air dan kualitas sedimen untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran suatu perairan karena logam berat dan distribusi logam berat itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui level toksik perairan dilakukan analisis hasil dengan berbagai indeks, yaitu Faktor Risiko Ekologis (Er) dan Indeks Beban Polusi (PLI). Sampel air, sampel sedimen tersuspensi (TSS), dan sedimen pada dasar permukaan diambil pada masing-masing titik untuk diuji laboratorium menggunakan alat AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa logam Cu dan Cr paling banyak ditemukan pada sedimen dasar, sedangkan logam Pb paling banyak ditemukan terlarut dalam air. Logam pada sedimen tersuspensi ditemukan sangat kecil yaitu <0,031. Konsentrasi logam pada sedimen tersuspensi tertinggi adalah 0,043 mg/L pada titik T4. Berdasarkan perhitungan Er dan PLI, potensi risiko ekologis terhadap logam di Sungai Winongo rendah (Er<40) dan tidak terdapat polusi karena logam berat (PLI<1). Namun, analisis kualitas air menunjukkan untuk nilai Cu dan Pb melebihi baku mutu kelas 2. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan penelitian awal dalam kajian logam berat di Sungai Winongo secara historis.ABSTRACTThe Increase of human activities around the Winongo River can have an impact on decreasing water quality due to pollution from household and small industrial waste. Metal contamination in the aquatic environment is an environmental issue that needs attention due to its toxicity. Moreover, it can be accumulated in aquatic environments for a long time. Monitoring water quality and sediment quality is important to determine the distribution of heavy metals sources and the level of pollution in the waters. This research aims to determine the water toxicity level. An analysis of the results was carried out with various indices, which are the Ecological Risk (Er) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) in the water samples, suspended sediment samples (TSS), and sediment at the bottom of the surface will be taken at each point for laboratory testing using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The concentration of heavy metals for Cu and Cr in the surface sediment respectively was found higher than its concentration in the river water. Meanwhile, Pb contents are found higher in river water. The contents of heavy metals are found less in the suspended sediment samples. The Er and PLI shows low pollution risk and low pollution status, respectively. It indicates that the Code River was still in low pollution status for Cu, Cr, and Pb contamination. On the other hand, the water quality analysis results Cu and Pb over the Water Quality Standard for Class 2. This study may serve as a useful reference and baseline for heavy metals research in Winongo River historically.

Effect of tannery wastewater exposure on chromium detected in the meat of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)

This study aimed to analyze the bioaccumulation of chromium (Cr) in the meat of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) due to exposure to tannery wastewater. The wastewater concentration variations were 1.85% and 3.69% of the LC50 96-h. The study was carried out in triples, seven days of acclimatization, and 30 days of observation (exposed to wastewater). The measurement of Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and calculation of BCF states the level of bioaccumulation in fish meat. The result showed the BCF value at a concentration of 1.85%, and 3.69% ranged 2.667-40.984, and 2.667-85.651 consecutively. It concluded that tilapia has a low accumulation rate.