Sulfamethizole functionalized graphene oxide for in-vitro separation and determination lead in blood serum of battery manufactories workers by syringe filter-dispersive- micro solid phase extraction

The toxic effect of lead (Pb) causes to anemia and iron deficiency in human body. So, the lead determination in blood/serum samples is very important. In this study, a novel adsorbent based on sulfamethizole functionalized on nanographene oxide (C3H10N4O2S2-NGO; SM-NGO) was used for extraction of Pb(II) from human blood, serum and plasma samples in battery manufactories workers by SF-D-µ-SPE. By procedure, 25 mg of SM-NGO mixed with 10 mL of human blood/serum or plasma samples and aspirated by 10 mL of syringe tube. After sonication of samples for 5 min, the Pb ions adsorbed based on sulfur of SM-NGO adsorbent at pH=6 and the solid phase separated by syringe coupled to Millex-FG hydrophobic PTFE membrane (0.2 µm). Then, the lead ions were back-extracted from SM-NGO/PTFE by elution phase with 0.5 mL of nitric acid solution (0.5 M). Finally, the concentrations of Pb(II) ions were determined by AT-FAAS.

Evaluation of Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Blood and Urine of Khat- Chewers in Some Areas of Ibb Governorate, Yemen: تقييم تراكم الرصاص والكادميوم في دم وإدرار ماضغي القات في بعض مناطق محافظة إب – اليمن

In this study, the accumulation of lead and cadmium in blood and urine was estimated at 160 specimens aged 15- 60 years., samples were collected from different areas of Ibb governorate (Jebla, Aldehar, Almashna and Alssani), and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to estimate these elements. The study effects of factors associated with the chewing khat and its impact on increase in accumulation of lead and cadmium (sex, age, daily time for chewing khat period, number of chewing years, amount of khat chewing a day, residential area, smoking and types). The highest concentration of lead in blood and urine in khat chewers was 97.297, 48.772 µg/L, cadmium 12.791, 17.577 µg/L. The accumulation rate of those who chew khat is higher than those who don't chew khat 267.50%, 245.71% for lead and 412.9%, 273.3% for cadmium. The accumulation of lead and cadmium increases in males more than females 23.78%, 33.63 in blood, 27.73%, and 17.73% in urine. Increasing age and the amount of khat chewing a day, and the time of chewing khat daily hours and the number of years increases accumulation of lead and cadmium in blood and urine from chewing of khat (P <0.05). The highest concentration of lead in blood and urine in Almashna area was 95.084, 12.034 µg/L from other areas, cadmium highest concentration of it in the blood in Jebla area were 47.183 µg/L and results were convergent in urine and there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). The effect of smoking factor associated with process of chewing khat leads to increased accumulation of elements in blood and urine smokers than other factors. The highest concentration of lead in the blood and urine samples in the group of people who chew khat and smoke cigarette and madaah 114.925, 146.237, 59.087, 83.623 µg/L respectively, and increase rate of accumulation of when chewing khat and smoking. Cadmium higher concentration in blood and urine samples who chew khat and cigarette smokers 21.025, 27.136 µg/L, and it's accumulation in who chew khat and smokers than who chew khat and non- smokers increased by 157.28%, 199.54%.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TIMBAL (Pb) ASETAT PERORAL TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA MENCIT (Mus Musculus)JANTAN Balb/C

Several kind of heavy metals that present in the environment are considered as toxic substance to human and animal. Lead (Pb) is one of heavy metals that increase in use for the last decade. Lead toxicity to human had wide in fluence in medical aspect, from nerve problem, bone metabolics disturbance until liver an d renal failure. This experiment tried to found out the effect of cronic oral lead consumtion to lead plasma rate in mice. Design of this experiment is true research experiment to test wheater there is an effect of oral lead consumption to acumulation of lead in blood glucose of mice. The results show increase of lead accumulation in blood glucose of the mice compared to control group.

Lead Level in Pregnant Women Suffering from Pre- Ec-lampsia in Baghdad City- Iraq

This study was conducted on the number of pregnant women suffering from symptoms of preeclampsia who live in different areas in Baghdad city. These areas were suffering from air pol-lution by different pollutants in high rates and it was chosen from among these pollutants lead metal which is a high percentage of air pollution where it was observed by measuring the level of lead in blood serum which taken from pregnant women by 40 pregnant women suffering from symptoms of preeclampsia and 20 pregnant women don't suffering from any abnormal symptoms during pregnancy period and classified as control group , so we found marked a significant rise in lead level in comparison with control group reaching ratio of lead in blood of pregnant women which suffering from symptoms of preeclampsia 38.44 mg/dl ± 3.0 mg/dl in comparison with con-trol group which 14.56 mg/d l± 2.50 mg/dl,this increase may refer to the amount of lead which found in the air and in excess of the normal limit which exposed pregnant women like all people through the overcrowding of roads and use fuel non-environmentally friendly through breathing which effect on pregnant women health, it has been shown on symptoms of preeclampsia from measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure and measuring of urea in blood, T-test was used at possibility of(0.001)to see the difference between infected samples and control group, therefore this study suggested that a lead is one of the causes of preeclampsia because live in polluted and unhealthy environment. (pt space line