Single-Reagent Method for Rapid Determination of Total Bilirubin with the "CentrifiChem" Analyzer

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1366-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Ertingshausen ◽  
Diane L Fabiny Byrd ◽  
Thomas O Tiffany ◽  
Sandra J Casey
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Union Carbide

Abstract We report a rapid single-reagent method for determining total bilirubin with the " CentrifiChem Analyzer" (Union Carbide Corp.). The reagent is the stable 1,5-disulfonate of diazosulfanilic acid, and ethylene glycol is used as an accelerator. The reaction requires less than 5 min. Only 25 µl of serum is needed. We present precision data (x = 2.62 mg/dl, SD = .082 mg/dl, CV = 3.13%) and results (r = .998) as compared with those obtained by an automated Jendrassik—Grof method.

Studies on the Determination of Bile Pigments

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G W Stevenson ◽  
S L Jacobs ◽  
R J Henry
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Chloroform Layer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

Abstract The absorbance at 450 mµ of serum diluted with acidified ethylene glycol is used as a measure of the serum's total bilirubin content in a single-tube, single-extraction method for rapid determination of free and total bilirubin in 0.1 ml. of serum. With the addition of chloroform, free bilirubin is extracted into the chloroform but conjugated bilirubin remains in the ethylene glycol. Free bilirubin is determined from the absorbance at 450 mµ in the chloroform layer. Conjugated bilirubin is calculated from the difference. Absorbance readings at 520 mµ compensate for the absorbance at 450 mµ, due to hemoglobin in the serum. Comparison with the Malloy-Evelyn procedure showed equivalent levels of total but higher levels of conjugated bilirubin.

Mechanism of interference by hemoglobin in the determination of total bilirubin. I. Method of Malloy-Evelyn.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B C Shull ◽  
H Lees ◽  
P K Li
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Rapid Destruction

Abstract Oxyhemoglobin is the species of hemoglobin in erythrocyte hemolysates that inhibits the diazo reaction. Ferric hemoglobin derivatives and species with relatively low molecular mass do not interfere. Conversion of oxyhemoglobin to acid hematin under assay reaction conditions is associated with rapid destruction of bilirubin, which accounts for the diazo reaction error. The most probable mechanism for this destruction of bilirubin is an oxidative reaction involving H2O2, formed in the oxidation of hemoglobin, and acid hematin acting as a pseudoperoxidase. We could find no evidence for other mechanisms of interference such as spectral error or azobilirubin destruction. Addition of potassium iodide, 4.0 mmol/L final concentration in the reaction mixture, eliminates interference from hemoglobin added to give concentrations as great as 10 g/L. It also eliminated the effects of hemolysis in the method of Ertingshausen et al. (Clin. Chem. 19: 1366, 1973), in which ethylene glycol is used as the accelerator.

Rapid determination of ethylene glycol in biological material

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bogusz ◽  
J. Białka ◽  
J. Gierz ◽  
M. Kłys
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Rapid Determination

An Automated Method for the Determination of Serum Bilirubin

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Golub
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision

Abstract The bilirubin method of Rand and DiPasqua (3), which utilizes a stabilized diazonium salt solution of 2,4 dichloraniline, has been adapted to automatic chemical analysis. Both total bilirubin and "1-min. reacting" bilirubin can be assayed with good accuracy and precision. Data are presented to show excellent agreement with the manually performed procedure and the procedure of Malloy and Evelyn (1), which was used as the reference method.

Rapid Determination of Amphetamine Stereoisomer Ratios in Urine by Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
V A Tetlow ◽  
J Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Optical Isomer ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

We describe a method for the determination of amphetamine optical isomer ratios. A simple basic extraction of amphetamine from urine is followed by on-column derivatization with (S)–(−)-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-prolyl chloride and analysis by gas chromatography—mass spectroscopy. This approach has been shown to be satisfactory for the separation of d- and l-amphetamine isomers and precision data shows the method to be reproducible. Patient data is presented to demonstrate the ability to differentiate between patients taking d-amphetamine and those using illicit (racemic) amphetamine by their l/d amphetamine ratio.

Determination of Water in Silage by Fischer Titration of Concentrated Ethanolic Suspensions

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Milan F Dubravčić
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Added Water

Abstract A method is described for rapid determination of water in ensiled fodder materials. The procedure is based on a brief homogenization of 10—20% suspensions of samples in ethanol followed by titration of gravimetric aliquots with Fischer reagent. It has been found that the concentration of water in the alcoholic phase quickly reaches an equilibrium that is linearly related to the proportion of sample in the mixture and, accordingly, equal to the concentration of water in the suspended tissue. The uniformity of distribution of water simplifies both the aliquoting and the calculation. No interfering reactions have been encountered and the recovery of added water is close to 100%. Ethanol as solvent gives less variable results than either methanol or ethylene glycol. Incorporation of a dry box in the titration apparatus considerably improves the precision of the titration. Coefficient of variation of the titration is about 0.2%.

Mechanism of interference by hemoglobin in the determination of total bilirubin. I. Method of Malloy-Evelyn.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B C Shull ◽  
H Lees ◽  
P K Li
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Rapid Destruction

Abstract Oxyhemoglobin is the species of hemoglobin in erythrocyte hemolysates that inhibits the diazo reaction. Ferric hemoglobin derivatives and species with relatively low molecular mass do not interfere. Conversion of oxyhemoglobin to acid hematin under assay reaction conditions is associated with rapid destruction of bilirubin, which accounts for the diazo reaction error. The most probable mechanism for this destruction of bilirubin is an oxidative reaction involving H2O2, formed in the oxidation of hemoglobin, and acid hematin acting as a pseudoperoxidase. We could find no evidence for other mechanisms of interference such as spectral error or azobilirubin destruction. Addition of potassium iodide, 4.0 mmol/L final concentration in the reaction mixture, eliminates interference from hemoglobin added to give concentrations as great as 10 g/L. It also eliminated the effects of hemolysis in the method of Ertingshausen et al. (Clin. Chem. 19: 1366, 1973), in which ethylene glycol is used as the accelerator.

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