Early radiographic diagnosis of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of maxillary incisors

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of apical root resorption in maxillary incisors during the initial stages of active orthodontic treatment and to test the hypothesis that root resorption increases with the progress of the treatment. Methods: The study sample consisted of 80 teeth of 20 patients (14 female, 6 male) with a mean age of 14.9±2.8 years. Root resorption was determined with standardized digitized periapical radiographs. All the periapical radiographs were obtained at the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T0) and 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 9 months (T3) after the beginning of the treatment by a paralleling device. They were digitalized as 600 dpi with a flatbed scanner and analyzed by software for image analysis at 400x magnification utilizing a personal computer. Results: All of the 4 maxillary incisors had an increasing amount of resorption during the 9-month period. The amount of root resorption between the time intervals was statistically significant (P<.05). Conclusions: Root resorption of maxillary incisors can be detected in the early stages of orthodontic treatment and appears to be related to treatment duration. According to 9-month evaluation period, apical root resorption is of limited clinical significance for the average orthodontic patient. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:318-323)

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Outcome of orthodontic treatment in subjects with periodontal disease. Part III: a CBCT study of external apical root resorption

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 575-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eglė Zasčiurinskienė ◽

Henrik Lund ◽

Rune Lindsten ◽

Henrik Jansson ◽

Krister Bjerklin

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Inclination Angle ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Control Group ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Apical Root Resorption ◽

External Apical Root Resorption ◽

Maxillary Incisors

Summary Background No evidence is present on the risk for external apical root resorption (EARR) during orthodontic treatment (OT) of adult patients with periodontal disease. Aim To examine EARR after OT in subjects with periodontal disease and to analyse how intrusion and change in inclination of the most proclined maxillary incisors influence EARR. Methods The study included 50 patients with periodontal disease. Sub-gingival debridement by ultrasonic instrumentation supplemented with hand instruments was performed by experienced dental hygienist after baseline examination for all patients. For the control group, final periodontal treatment (PT) was performed before orthodontic tooth movement. For the test group patients, final PT was performed after levelling and alignment phases were finished, before the active space closure with elastic chain and/or inter-arch elastic traction for sagittal correction was started. OT was performed with a straight-wire appliance. Micro-implants or implants were used for posterior anchorage. Cone beam computed tomography examinations were performed before and after OT. EARR of all single-rooted teeth were measured. EARR of the most proclined maxillary incisor was related to intrusion and change in inclination angle. Results EARR after OT was observed in median 80.7 per cent (interquartile range 22.02) of single-rooted teeth [mean 1.2 (standard deviation 0.44) mm]. In 82.3 per cent of teeth, EARR was 2 mm or less. Severe EARR was found in 8 per cent of patients and five maxillary incisors (less than 1 per cent of all teeth). The amount of intrusion and change in inclination angle of the most proclined maxillary central incisor influenced the extent of EARR. Mean EARR was significantly higher when OT lasted more than 18 months (P = 0.02). Conclusions OT in conjunction with PT in periodontal patients resulted in EARR in 81 per cent of all single-rooted teeth. Intrusion and change in inclination angle of the most proclined maxillary central incisor influenced the extent of EARR, as did longer OT.

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The effects of dehiscence and fenestration before orthodontic treatment on external apical root resorption in maxillary incisors

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.06.043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Cha ◽

Desheng Huang ◽

Qichao Kang ◽

Manman Yin ◽

Xiulin Yan

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Apical Root Resorption ◽

External Apical Root Resorption ◽

Maxillary Incisors

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Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 110-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gracemia Vasconcelos Picanço ◽

Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽

Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽

Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽

Paulo Roberto Barroso Picanço ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Crown Root ◽

External Root Resorption ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Maxillary Incisors

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate predisposing factors among patients who developed moderate or severe external root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4), on the maxillary incisors, during fixed orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed edgewise appliances were selected. Patients were divided into two groups: G1 - 50 patients with no root resorption or presenting only apical irregularities (Malmgren's grades 0 and 1) at the end of the treatment, with mean initial age of 16.79 years and mean treatment time of 3.21 years; G2 - 49 patients presenting moderate or severe root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4) at the end of treatment on the maxillary incisors, with mean initial age of 19.92 years and mean treatment time of 3.98 years. Periapical radiographs and lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Factors that could influence the occurrence of severe root resorption were also recorded. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test and independent t tests. RESULTS: The results demonstrated significant difference between the groups for the variables: Extractions, initial degree of root resorption, root length and crown/root ratio at the beginning, and cortical thickness of the alveolar bone. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that: Presence of root resorption before the beginning of treatment, extractions, reduced root length, decreased crown/root ratio and thin alveolar bone represent risk factors for severe root resorption in maxillary incisors during orthodontic treatment.

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