This chapter discusses the Nazis' confiscation of Wanda Landowska's musical collection and how it was partly recovered after the war. It recounts Landowska's career before the Germans invaded France in May 1940 and describes her as an internationally renowned harpsichord and piano soloist and an accomplished scholar, writer, teacher, and composer. It also highlights Landowska's extensive music library, which included manuscripts, rare printed music, books, and an impressive antique musical instrument collection. The chapter recounts how the Nazis plundered Landowski's musical treasures in September 1940 after Landowska fled her home and music school at 88 rue de Pontoise, Saint-Leu-la-Forêt. It describes Landowska's library that contained approximately 10,000 objects, which reflected Landowska's intellectual and aesthetic sensibilities, her eclectic interests, and to some extent her heritage.