Causes of sudden cardiac death in young athletes and nonathletes: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F D"ascenzi ◽  
F Valentini ◽  
S Pistoresi ◽  
F Frascaro ◽  
P Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Funding Acknowledgements

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction. The etiology of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people is still debated. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the most frequent causes of SCD in individuals aged ≤35 years, the differences between athletes and nonathletes and among geographic areas. Methods.  Studies published between 01/01/1990 and 01/31/2020 and evaluating post-mortem the etiology of SCD in young individuals (≤35 years) were included. Individuals were divided in athletes and nonathletes. Studies that did not report separately data between athletes and nonathletes were excluded. Results. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and a total population of 5,060 victims of SCD were analysed (2,890 athletes, 2,170 nonathletes). Structurally normal heart, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy, and anomalous origin of coronary arteries (AOCA) were the most frequent causes of SCD in athletes while coronary artery disease (CAD), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), and channelopathies were frequent causes of SCD in nonathletes. The number of SCDs due to ischemic heart disease (19.6% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.009), ACM (11.5% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.03) and channelopathies (8.4% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.02) was higher in nonathletes comparing with athletes. SCD due to non-ischemic left ventricular scar (5.1% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.01) was more frequent in athletes. HCM (p = 0.01) and AOCA (p = 0.004) were more frequently cause of SCD in US while ACM (p = 0.001), structurally normal heart (p = 0.02), and channelopathies (p = 0.02) in Europe. Conclusions. Structurally normal heart, HCM, AOCA were frequent causes of SCD in athletes while CAD, ACM and channelopathies in nonathletes. The causes of SCD differ between US and Europe.

scholarly journals Obesity and sudden cardiac death in the young: Clinical and pathological insights from a large national registry

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gherardo Finocchiaro ◽  
Michael Papadakis ◽  
Harshil Dhutia ◽  
Della Cole ◽  
Elijah R Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arrhythmic Death ◽  
Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome ◽  
Artery Disease

Aims Obesity is an increasing public health problem and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the main features and aetiologies in a large cohort of sudden cardiac deaths that occurred in obese subjects. Methods Between 1994 and 2014, 3684 consecutive cases of unexpected sudden cardiac death were referred to our cardiac pathology centre. This study was confined to young individuals (age ≤ 35 years) for whom information about body mass index was available and consisted of 1033 cases. Results Two-hundred and twelve individuals (20%) were obese. In obese sudden cardiac death victims the main post-mortem findings were: normal heart (sudden arrhythmic death syndrome) ( n = 108; 50%), unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy ( n = 25; 12%) and critical coronary artery disease ( n = 25; 12%). Less common were hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( n = 4; 2%) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ( n = 4;2%). When compared with non-obese sudden cardiac death victims, sudden arrhythmic death syndrome was less common (50% vs. 60%, P < 0.01), whereas left ventricular hypertrophy and critical coronary artery disease were more frequent (12% vs. 2%, P < 0.001 and 12% vs. 3%, P < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of critical and non-critical coronary artery disease was significantly higher in obese individuals (23% vs. 10% in non-obese individuals, P < 0.001). Conclusions Various conditions underlie sudden cardiac death in obesity, with a prevalence of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease. The degree of left ventricular hypertrophy measured by heart weight is excessive even after correction for body size. Almost one in four young obese sudden death patients show some degree of coronary artery disease, underscoring the need for primary prevention in this particular subgroup.

Prevention of sudden cardiac death in persons living with HIV infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Monsuez ◽  
Marilucy Lopez-Sublet
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Qt Interval Prolongation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Optimized Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv

: Persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) have been recognized to have an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Prevention of this risk should theoretically be included in their long-term management. However, only a few approaches have been proposed to optimize such interventions. Targeting detection of the commonly associated conditions such as coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias is the first step of this prevention. However, although detection of the risk of SCD is a suitable challenge in PLWH, it remains uncertain whether optimized treatment of the identified risks would unequivocally translate into a decrease in SCD rates.

scholarly journals Risk of sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Time to solve the mystery

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Norrish ◽  
Juan Pablo Kaski
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Malformation Syndromes

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined as left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of loading conditions sufficient to cause the observed abnormality. The true prevalence in childhood is unknown; the aetiology is more heterogeneous than that seen in adult populations, and includes inborn errors of metabolism, malformation syndromes and neuromuscular syndromes. However, one of the greatest clinical challenges in managing young patients with HCM is identifying those at greatest risk of sudden cardiac death.

Sympathetic overactivity and sudden cardiac death among hemodialysis patients with left ventricular hypertrophy

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Nishimura ◽  
Toshiko Tokoro ◽  
Masasya Nishida ◽  
Tetsuya Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sympathetic Overactivity

scholarly journals Sudden cardiac death in athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Zdravko Mijailovic ◽  
Zoran Stajic ◽  
Dragan Tavciovski ◽  
Radomir Matunovic
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Esc Guidelines

The entity of sudden cardiac death in young athletes has been known since the year 490 B.C. when young Greek soldier Phidipides had run the distance from Marathon to Athens and suddenly fell down dead. In the last twenty years, sudden death of famous athletes have attracted huge attention of medical and social community; afterwards both American and European Cardiology Societies started to publish periodically guidelines for preparticipation screening. These guidelines have focused on both identifying athletes with potential cardiovascular risk for sudden death and eligibility conditions for athletes participating in competitive sports. Structural and functional abnormalities causing sudden cardiac death in young athletes have been identified by autopsy-based studies. Unrecognized congenital cardiovascular abnormalities associated with excessive physical effort create background for electrophysiological instability and occurrence of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia and consequent death. The most frequent causes of sudden cardiac death in young athletes include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anomalies of the coronary arteries and idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy. Current ACC/AHA & ESC guidelines should be widely used in order to reduce potential sudden cardiac death in young athletes.

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