scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF X-LINKED MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER WHICH ARE SENSITIVE TO MUTAGENS

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-506
Author(s):  
J B Boyd ◽  
M D Golino ◽  
T D Nguyen ◽  
M M Green
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Post Replication Repair ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Thirteen X-linked mutants have been isolated in Drosophila melanogaster which render male and homozygous female larvae sensitive to the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate. Their characterization and preliminary assignment to functional groups is described. Four of these mutants are alleles of mei-41 (Baker and Carpenter 1972). Like previously isolated alleles of this locus, these mutants reduce fertility and increase loss and nondisjunction of the X-chromosome in homozygous females. The remaining mutants have been tentatively assigned to six functional groups (two mutants to the mus(1)101 locus, two to mus(1)102, two to mus(1)103, and one each to mus(1)104, mus(1)105, and mus(1)106). Several of the complementation groups can be distinguished on the basis of nondisjunction and cross sensitivity to mutagens. Females homozygous for the mei-41, mus(1)101 and mus(1)102 mutants exhibit elevated levels of nondisjunction. Mutants belonging to complementation groups mei-41, mus(1)101, and mus(1)104 are sensitive to nitrogen mustard (HN2) in addition to their MMS sensitivity. Among these mutants there is currently a direct correlation between sensitivity to HN2, sensitivity to 2-acetylaminofluorene and a deficiency in post-replication repair (Boyd and Setlow 1976). Only the mei-41 mutants are hypersensitive to UV radiation, although several of the mutants exhibit sensitivity to Y-rays. Semidominance is observed in female larvae of the mei-41, mus(1)104, and mus(1)103 mutants after exposure to high concentrations of MMS. The properties of the mutants generally conform to a pattern which has been established for related mutants in yeast. Additional properties of these mutants are summarized in Table 9.

scholarly journals THIRD-CHROMOSOME MUTAGEN-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 607-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Boyd ◽  
M D Golino ◽  
K E S Shaw ◽  
C J Osgood ◽  
M M Green
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Dna Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT A total of 34 third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster that render homozygous larvae hypersensitive to killing by chemical mutagens have been isolated. Genetic analyses have placed responsible mutations in more than eleven complementation groups. Mutants in three complementation groups are strongly sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate, those in one are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, and mutants in six groups are hypersensitive to both mutagens. Eight of the ten loci mapped fall within 15% of the genetic map that encompasses the centromere of chromosome 3. Mutants from four of the complementation groups are associated with moderate to strong meiotic effects in females. Preliminary biochemical analyses have implicated seven of these loci in DNA metabolism.

THE CONTROL OF ALDEHYDE OXIDASE AND XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITIES BY THE CINNAMON GENE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Bentley ◽  
John H. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Complementation Groups

The isolation and characterization of 16 alleles of the cinnamon (cin, 1-0.0) locus in Drosophila melanogaster are described. The effects of cin on viability and the maternal effect of cin+ on eye color have been separated from each other as well as from the deficiency for aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activities. These 16 alleles have been assigned to four complementation groups based on analysis of AO and XDH activities in all heteroallelic female combinations. Zygotic complementation for lethality and eye color has been characterized and allows the ordering of cin alleles in a consistent pattern for the ability to produce viable zygotes and/or complement for the eye color phene. Several complementing cin combinations were analyzed for heat stability of AO. In all cases, AO from allelic heterozygotes was more heat labile than wild-type AO. One cin allele, cin13, produces heat labile AO in combination with cin+ from Oregon-R, hence exhibiting a "dominant" heat stability phenotype.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MMS-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Prakash ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
The Cross

ABSTRACT We have isolated mutants sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Alleles of rad1, rad4, rad6, rad52, rad55 and rad57 were found among these mms mutants. Twenty-nine of the mms mutants which complement the existing radiation-sensitive (rad and rev) mutants belong to 22 new complementation groups. Mutants from five complementation groups are sensitive only to MMS. Mutants of 11 complementation groups are sensitive to UV or X rays in addition to MMS, mutants of six complementation groups are sensitive to all three agents. The cross-sensitivities of these mms mutants to UV and X rays are discussed in terms of their possible involvement in DNA repair. Sporulation is reduced or absent in homozygous diploids of mms mutants from nine complementation groups.

scholarly journals Characterization of X-linked recessive lethal mutations affecting embryonic morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
D F Eberl ◽  
A J Hilliker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Embryonic Morphogenesis ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Cuticular Structures

Abstract This study attempted to assay the zygotic contribution of X chromosome genes to the genetic control of embryonic morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. A systematic screen for X-linked genes which affect the morphology of the embryo was undertaken, employing the phenotype of whole mount embryos as the major screening criterion. Of 800 EMS-induced lethal mutations analyzed, only 14% were embryonic lethal, and of these only a minority affected embryonic morphogenesis. By recombination and complementation analyses, the mutations that affected embryonic morphogenesis were sequestered into 26 complementation groups. Fourteen of the loci correspond to genes previously identified in a large-scale screen in which fixed cuticles were examined, and 12 new loci have been identified. Most of the mutations which disrupt embryonic morphology had specific and uniform mutant phenotypes. Mutations were recovered which disrupt major morphogenetic events such as gastrulation, germ band retraction and head involution. No mutations were found which arrest the embryos prior to blastoderm formation. However, a novel class was found, one comprised of mutations which interfere with the development of internal structures but not cuticular structures. Nevertheless, saturation of the X chromosome for genes important for embryonic morphogenesis is probably incomplete.

Microcloning and characterization of the early ecdysone puff region 2B of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Galcerán ◽  
Conrado Giménez ◽  
Jan Erik Edström ◽  
Marta Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome

scholarly journals Developmental genetics of loci at the base of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Perrimon ◽  
D Smouse ◽  
G L Miklos
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Developmental Genetics ◽  
Optic Lobes ◽  
Sterile Technique ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Clone Analysis ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Developmental Analysis

Abstract We have conducted a genetic and developmental analysis of the 26 contiguous genetic complementation groups within the 19D3-20F2 interval of the base of the X chromosome, a region of 34 polytene bands delimited by the maroon-like and suppressor of forked loci. Within this region there are four loci which cause visible phenotypes but which have little or no effect on zygotic viability (maroon-like, little fly, small optic lobes and sluggish). There are 22 loci which, when mutated, are zygotic lethals and three of these, legless/runt, folded gastrulation and 13E3, have severe effects on embryonic development. In addition, three visible phenotypes have been defined only by overlapping deficiencies (melanized-like, tumorous head, and varied outspread). We have analyzed the lethal phases and maternal requirement of 58 mutations at 22 of the zygotic lethal loci by means of germline clone analysis using the dominant female sterile technique. Additionally, all lethal complementation groups, as well as a specific subset of deficiencies, have been studied histologically for defects in the development of the central and peripheral embryonic nervous systems.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the dopa decarboxylase gene of Drosophila melanogaster

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-485
Author(s):  
J Hirsh ◽  
N Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Chromosome Band ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Developmental Profile ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

We have isolated chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid clones containing the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene. We describe an isolation procedure which can be applied to other nonabundantly expressed Drosophila genes. The dopa decarboxylase gene lies within or very near polytene chromosome band 37C1-2. The gene is interrupted by at least one intron, and the primary mode of regulation is pretranslational. At least two additional sequences hybridized by in vivo ribonucleic acid-derived probes are found within a 35-kilobase region surrounding the gene. The developmental profile of ribonucleic acid transcribed from one of these regions differs from that of the dopa decarboxylase transcript.

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