scholarly journals The role of marine protected areas in environmental management

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
High Level

Abstract Jennings, S. 2009. The role of marine protected areas in environmental management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 16–21. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of several tools used to meet management objectives for the marine environment. These objectives reflect political and societal views, and increasingly reconcile fishery and conservation concerns, a consequence of common high-level drivers, such as the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The contribution of MPAs to meeting objectives should be assessed in conjunction with other tools, taking account of the management systems of which they are part. Many of the same factors determine the success of MPAs and other management tools, such as quality of governance and the social and economic situation of people using marine goods and services. Diverse legislation governs MPA designation. Designation could be simplified by prearranged and prenegotiated agreements among all relevant authorities. Agreements could specify how to make trade-offs among objectives, interpret scientific advice, ensure effective engagement among authorities and stakeholders, deal with appeals, and support progressive improvement. The jurisdiction and competence of fishery management authorities mean that they are well placed to contribute to the design, designation, and enforcement of MPAs. Their strengths include well-established procedures for accessing scientific advice, the capacity to work across multiple jurisdictions, experience with MPA management, and access to vessels and personnel for enforcement.

scholarly journals Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jennings ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
J. G. Hiddink
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fishing Impacts

Abstract Jennings, S., Lee, J., and Hiddink, J. G. 2012. Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1053–1063. European and national policy commitments require further integration of fisheries and environmental management. We measured fishery footprints and assessed trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and beam trawling impacts in UK territorial waters in the southern and central North Sea where marine spatial planning is underway and a network of Marine Protected Areas has been proposed. For fleets (UK and non-UK) and years (2006–2010) considered, total trawled area included extensive ‘margins’ that always accounted for a smaller proportion of total fishing effort and value (proportions investigated were ≤10, 20, or 30%) than their proportional contribution to total habitat sensitivity and trawling impact. Interannual and fleet-related differences in the distribution and intensity of trawling activity, driven by location choice and fisheries regulations, had more influence on overall trawling impacts than the exclusion of beam trawlers from a proposed network of Marine Protected Areas. If reducing habitat impacts is adopted as an objective of fisheries or environmental management, then the direct management of fishing footprints, e.g. by defining fishing grounds that exclude existing margins, can disproportionately reduce trawling impacts per unit effort or value.

A fisheries management perspective on marine protected areas in the Mediterranean

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN F. CADDY
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
The Mediterranean

The last ten years have seen a growing disillusionment with many conventional fishery management methods, in part, I would suggest, since the managers using them have been unaware of the complexity of the ecosystems they are dealing with. The pendulum seems to be swinging steadily in the direction of spatially-based management tools for fisheries (see e.g. Hilborn & Kennedy 1992; Walters et al. 1993; Seijo et al. 1994; Hall 1998; Caddy 1999a), and the Mediterranean is ideally suited for testing and applying such mechanisms from both the geographical aspect, and in terms of its high biodiversity.

Cleaner Production in the Brazilian Sucroenergy Sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Jéssica Patricia Corrêa Brunhara ◽  
Rosana Pereira Corrêa ◽  
Sergio Ricardo Mazini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Industrial Expansion ◽  
Environmental Agents

This chapter presents a discussion about the real role of companies as social and environmental agents, which is increasingly gaining momentum and timeliness. With industrial expansion and increasing pollution, it has become imperative that companies assume not only the role of producers of goods and services, but also those responsible for the implementation of environmental management systems and their instruments. The Cleaner Production is a process in the production process that helps in the environmental preservation, since it establishes the following order of priority for waste management: elimination - reduction - reuse - treatment - final disposal. In the sugar-energy sector, considered as one of the greatest precursors of environmental degradation by deforestation and burning, Cleaner Production is fundamental for the rational use of natural resources and for minimizing the environmental impacts caused by productive operations.

scholarly journals Regime, phase and paradigm shifts: making community ecology the basic science for fisheries

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1453) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Mangel ◽  
Phillip S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Fishery Science ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Mechanistic Worldview ◽  
Ecological Science ◽  
Simple Equations

Modern fishery science, which began in 1957 with Beverton and Holt, is ca . 50 years old. At its inception, fishery science was limited by a nineteenth century mechanistic worldview and by computational technology; thus, the relatively simple equations of population ecology became the fundamental ecological science underlying fisheries. The time has come for this to change and for community ecology to become the fundamental ecological science underlying fisheries. This point will be illustrated with two examples. First, when viewed from a community perspective, excess production must be considered in the context of biomass left for predators. We argue that this is a better measure of the effects of fisheries than spawning biomass per recruit. Second, we shall analyse a simple, but still multi–species, model for fishery management that considers the alternatives of harvest regulations, inshore marine protected areas and offshore marine protected areas. Population or community perspectives lead to very different predictions about the efficacy of reserves.

Bias in evaluating the effects of marine protected areas: the importance of baseline data for the Galapagos Marine Reserve

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. EDGAR ◽  
R.H. BUSTAMANTE ◽  
J.-M. FARIÑA ◽  
M. CALVOPIÑA ◽  
C. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Conservation Zones ◽  
Galapagos Marine Reserve

Analysis of ecological baseline data collected for key resource species within the Galapagos Marine Reserve indicates that variation in animal density associated with the location of fully protected zones can be comparable to protected area effects. Even with a high level of interspersion between conservation, tourism and fishing management zones, major differences in densities of economically important species were evident between zone types prior to enforcement of fishing restrictions. Densities of the most valuable fishery resource, sea cucumbers, were three times higher in zones that remained open to fishing compared to ‘no-take’ conservation zones, and densities of sharks were five times higher in tourism zones than fishing or conservation zones. These results highlight bias in the socio-political processes that can accompany selection of marine protected areas, where fishers attempt to minimize perceived impacts on their livelihood by locating large protected zones in resource-poor areas, and tourism operators and sport divers argue for protection of areas containing atypically-interesting features. Bias in the location of fully protected zones can seriously confound ‘control-impact’ field investigations when data prior to prohibitions on fishing are lacking, including meta-analyses, which are dominated by such potentially systematically biased studies.

scholarly journals Regional Management of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction in the Western Indian Ocean: State of Play and Possible Ways Forward

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Wright ◽  
Julien Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Regional Management ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Regional Organisations

Abstract In recent years, the international community has become increasingly aware of the growing threats to marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (abnj), and international discussions on a new international legally binding are underway. In parallel, some States, through regional organisations, have progressively extended their activities into abnj, particularly through the development of area-based management tools (abmts). In this article, we consider how actors in the Western Indian Ocean (wio) might engage in abnj governance. In particular, we develop some possible scenarios for developing abmts in the wio, including through the development of fisheries closures, the establishment of marine protected areas (mpas), and the adoption of abmts under the auspices of relevant international organisations. We conclude that while the wio is currently not the most advanced region in terms of ongoing efforts to improve the governance of abnj, there are already some positive signals and promising options for the future.

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