Production Capacity Requirements Planning Using The Capacity Method Requirement Planning

PT. ABC is a company engaged in the manufacture of Dolomite Fertilizer. The number of requests is greater than the amount of production. Due to fluctuations in the number of requests that tend to increase, this occurs due to a lack of capacity at the workstation. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the capacity requirements planning analysis for each work station to know the company's capacity needs. The research aims to identify the shortage/excess production capacity and provide proposals for the balance of production capacity at PT. A B C. Production capacity research was conducted using the Capacity Requirement Planning (CRP) method. Results and Discussion, comparison of available capacity and required capacity (load) are as follows, work station jaw crusher available capacity 36.74 hours/week while required capacity (load) 36 hours/week, work station bucket elevator available capacity 36, 74 hours/week while the required capacity (load) is 14.4 hours/week, work station ball mill available capacity is 36.74 hours/week while the required capacity (load) is 45.6 hours/week, and work station silo flour the available capacity is 36.74 hours/week while the required capacity (load) is 51.59 hours/week. In conclusion, two stations experience excess capacity, namely the jaw crusher work station with an excess capacity of 0.74 hours/week and the bucket elevator work station with an excess capacity of 22.34 hours/week. The other two work stations experienced a lack of capacity, namely the ball mill work station with a capacity shortage of 22.34 hours/week and the silo flour work station with a capacity shortage of 14.85 hours/week. Efforts to balance capacity by scheduling overtime and adding equipment (machinery) to work centers that lack capacity, so that the company's production targets are achieved.

IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-10: A Novel Axis Linked to Immunological Dysfunction May Pre-Empt Early Diagnosis of Sepsis after Cardiac Surgery

INTRODUCTION Sepsis caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is a serious healthcare problem that results in very high mortality every year-round the globe. When left untreated, sepsis can potentially turn fulminant, making early diagnosis and intervention an essential component of the therapeutic strategy. Proinflammatory cytokines are necessary for initiating an effective inflammatory response against infection, whereas their excess production has been associated with tissue injury in multiple organ systems leading to increased mortality. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines seem to be a prerequisite for controlling and down regulating the initial inflammatory response. But a sustained release of these biomolecules leads to a turn-down of immune activation within the host organism. In the clinical conundrums associated with sepsis, it was often observed that pathogen-responsive cells were exposed to a complex cytokine milieu. The excess production of proinflammatory cytokines is essential for the survival, replication and activation of phagocytic and cytotoxic immune cells. In conjunction with this proinflammatory activity, anti-inflammatory cytokines are also released which are involved in the occurrence of cellular anergy and impaired response to aetiologic agents, causing a compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS). Current practice in cardiac surgery is to review laboratory test results (CRP, PCT, blood culture) and clinical criteria (SOFA and STS) 48 h after surgery to diagnose sepsis. CRP and PCT lack sensitivity and specificity, whereas blood culture requires a long turnaround time and lacks sensitivity. Sepsis being an interplay between pro and anti-inflammatory response, the relative expression of immune biomarkers may provide a useful criterion for early diagnosis of sepsis. Thus, we aimed at investigating the variations in circulating levels of prominent cytokines and their potential use as a diagnostic marker of adult sepsis post cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this double-blinded cohort study, blood samples of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery were collected before surgery (D -1), and on the post-operative day 1 (D +1) after the approval from the appropriate Institutional Ethics Committee. Patients who were deemed risky by EuroSCORE II risk stratification were included and immuno-compromised as well as patients with active infection before surgery were excluded. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and TNFα were determined using cytometric bead assay by flow cytometry and the results were analyzed using FCAP Array™ software. The data sets were analyzed (GraphPad Prism 5.02) and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The study was conducted with 34 patients (n=34) and un-blinded after retrieval of data. The cohort has 8 patients diagnosed with sepsis and 26 without sepsis based on STS criteria. Demographic details for both groups are summarized in Table 1. Cytokine and other biomarker expression levels before (D-1) and after (D+1) Surgery is summarized in Table 2. At D +1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-10 showed significantly higher concentration in sepsis group compared to non-sepsis group (Fig 1B). CRP, PCT, WBC and differential blood count were not showing any discriminatory potential between sepsis and non-sepsis patients at D +1. The ROC curves of the above four cytokine expression levels at D+1 was analyzed between sepsis and non-sepsis groups. A plasma IL-1β level of 0.25 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 87.5 % and a specificity of 53.8 % and a plasma IL-17A level of 1.78 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 75 % and specificity of 46.2 %. In addition, IL-10 level of 8.99 pg/ml in plasma showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 87.5 % and a specificity of 53.8% (Fig 1C). Based on the current observation we proposed a model of inflammatory cytokine dynamics involving IL-1β, IL-17A and IL-10 suggesting their role, which may lead to the development of sepsis (Fig 1D). CONCLUSION We identified a significant up regulation of circulating inflammatory cytokines at 24 h in patients who developed sepsis after cardiac surgery, earlier than any noticeable changes in conventional sepsis biomarkers. These results suggest the possibility of inflammatory cytokines as a diagnostic marker and may be a potential therapeutic target as well. The study needs to be validated further on a larger cohort of patients. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana dalam Tindak Pidana Penyeludupan Ballpress di Wilayah Perairan Selat Malaka di Sumatera Utara

This article aims to examine and analyze the legal rules governing the criminal act of ballpress smuggling, and how the factors that cause ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in North Sumatra, and how the policies are taken against ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in Sumatra. North. The problem is focused on how the laws governing the criminal act of ballpress smuggling and the factors causing ballpress smuggling as well as the policies implemented in handling the crime of ballpress smuggling. The research method in this paper is a normative legal research method. The data were collected through primary, secondary and tertiary data sources, then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. This study concludes that the legal rules regarding the criminal act of ballpress smuggling are as follows: (a) Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law no. 10 of 1995 concerning Customs. (b) Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) (c) Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51/M-DAG/PER/7/2015 of 2015 concerning the Prohibition of the Import of Used Clothing (d) Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade No.732/MPP/Kep/10/2002 concerning Textile Import Trading System. The factors causing ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in North Sumatra are: (a) Geographical Factors, (b) Domestic Industry Conditions. (c), Natural Resources (SDA), (d) Excess Production, (e) Transportation, (f) Mentality, (g) Society. The policies taken against ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in North Sumatra are: (a) The penal route, namely by applying criminal law (criminal law application), (b) The non-penal route.

Basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of diseases as part of hyperandrogenic syndrome

Diseases (conditions) associated with excess production of androgens in the female body or an increase in the sensitivity of hormone-dependent organs to them are united by the concept of ‘hyperandrogenic syndrome’. Its variants range from isolated skin lesions and its derivatives to systemic diseases accompanied by a high risk of menstrual irregularities, infertility, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular pathology, and carcinogenesis. The management of patients with hyperandrogenism is carried out by gynecologists, endocrinologists, dermatologists, general practitioners, but in real life, interaction between representatives of certain medical specialties, unfortunately, is rarely observed. As a result, the treatment of patients with hyperandrogenism is sinning with polypharmacy, inappropriate prescribing and ignoring the current needs of women. The situation is aggravated by the fact that there are practically no drugs annotated for the treatment of external manifestations of hyperandrogenism, and the number of drugs that can have a multifaceted effect is small. One of the strategies that can reduce the drug load and solve several problems at once to compensate for androgen-dependent dermopathies and maintain health in patients with hyperandrogenism is the appointment of combined hormonal contraception. The determining factors in the choice of a hormonal contraceptive for women with hyperandrogenism should be the presence of the antiandrogenic effect of the progestin in the composition of the drug and the safety of long-term use of the drug.

Association between VEGF -2578 C> A Polymorphism with VEGF Serum Levels in Gastritis with Helicobacter Pylori

Mucosal damage in people with gastritis causes the production of VEGF. VEGF is a neoangiogenesis function to repair damaged tissue. Excess production can cause cancer risk. VEGF genotype polymorphisms are thought to affect the production of serum VEGF levels. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between VEGF - 2578 C> A polymorphism and serum VEGF levels in H. pylori gastritis. Method: cross-sectional study was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital and Network Hospital with 100 samples. Endoscopic examination was performed to assess the gastric mucosa and a tissue biopsy was performed. The urea breath test (UBT) test and the Campylobacter like organism (CLO) test to determine H. pylori infection. VEGF - 2578 C> A was checked by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The data will be analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Result: One hundred people with gastritis, of which 59 people were infected with H. pylori. In this study, H. pylori infection did not have a significant relationship with VEGF levels. VEGF - 2578 C> A polymorphisms also had no relationship to serum VEGF levels. Conclusion: There is no correlation between VEGF - 2578 C> A polymorphism with VEGF serum levels (p> 0.05). Keywords: VEGF polymorphisms, VEGF - 2578 CA, H. pylori, Gastritis.

Abdominal Obesity A Stepping Stone to Non Communicable Diseases in South Asia

This article provides an overview of the relationship between abdominal obesity (AO) and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in South Asia. A literature review has been conducted using key words: Abdominal obesity, Non-Communicable Diseases, Adipokines and South Asia, searching Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and Medline databases. South Asians suffer from abdominal obesity that results in systematic inflammation giving rise to excess production of harmful adipokines that eventually leads to the occurrence of NCDs. The incidence of NCDs related mortality ranges between 44 per cent - 84 per cent. Impaired developments during pregnancy may also have a linkage with AO and NCDs. Adipokines and fat derivatives produced in abundance by the abdominal fat tissues have a crucial implication in the progression of NCDs. South Asians have unhealthy metabolic profile leading to several forms of NCDs. Further research needs to be done in the population groups suffering from abdominal obesity to derive interventional strategies to prevent as well as manage NCDs in clinical settings.

Metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis: Mechanisms and Future Directions

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease with associated comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) which contributes substantially to premature mortality in patients with psoriasis. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying this comorbidity are unclear. Studies have shown that the pathological parameters of psoriasis mediate the development of MetS. We reviewed the potential mechanisms which mediate the association between psoriasis and MetS, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine releases, excess production of reactive oxygen species, alterations in adipocytokine levels and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Here, we highlight important research questions regarding this association and offer insights into MetS research and treatment.

ANALISIS PERGESERAN KEGIATAN EKONOMI JAWA TIMUR MELALUI PENGUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL

The purpose of this study is to analyze economic performance by sector through analysis of the basic and non-basic sectors, as well as to see the shifts in economic activities that have occurred in the East Java region. The research method is carried out with a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data types, obtained on the information of a second party as a competent data provider. The analysis technique used is location quetiont (lq) analysis and descriptive qualitative approach as a method in determining the basis and non-base sectors as well as shifting economic activities by taking the location of East Java. The change in the structure of the economy can also be seen from the change in the contribution of each sector to GDP / GRDP. The results of the study are that there is a shift in economic activity with a jump in the economic phase from the primary economy to services with the acceleration of industrialism, the industrial and service sectors have become the movers in the last 3 years, industry. processing has become a new trend in economic acceleration, the service and warehousing sectors have become pockets in the economy characterized by strengthening local wisdom by strengthening competitiveness so as to be able to provide economic resources for the domestic and be able to provide for foreign domestic needs for excess production with a basic sector concept based on real local wisdom

Theanine Improves High-Dose Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Induced Lifespan Reduction in Caenorhabditis elegans

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea. Our previous report showed that induced hormesis was a critical determinant for the promotion of a healthy lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, we investigated the anti-aging effects of the main active ingredients in green tea. We found that galloylated catechins (EGCG and epicatechin gallate) could extend the lifespan of C. elegans, while their metabolites (gallic acid, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin) could not. Interestingly, the combination with theanine, not caffeine, could alleviate the adverse effects induced by high-dose EGCG, including the promotion of lifespan and locomotor ability. This was due to the attenuation of the excess production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of DAF-16. These findings will facilitate further studies on the health benefits of tea active components and their interactions.

CLINICAL COURSE OF PERIMENOPAUSAL PERIOD IN WOMEN WITH HYPERANDROGENISM SYNDROME

Hyperandrogenism is a disorder of endocrine status caused by excess production of androgens. The syndrome is a consequence of increased androgen production both in the ovaries and adrenal glands. However, such a division is very arbitrary, as increased production of androgens in the adrenal glands may increase production in the ovaries and vice versa. Androgens in women are synthesized by ovaries, adrenal glands and peripheral tissues, which also participate in metabolism.The set of androgens in both womenand men includes dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone and 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5-alpha-DHT). Still, unlike men, women have a higher concentration of the first three hormones than the lasttwo. Androgen synthesis in the adrenal glands in women is regulated by adrenocorticotropic and in the ovaries by luteinizing hormone (LH) and some other intraglandular autoparacrine mechanisms. According to recent studies, in addition to the basic biological, previously commonly known effects of androgens, their new mechanisms of influence on the female body have been discovered. Keywords: hyperandrogenism, hormones, ovaries, adrenal glands, reproductive disorders