scholarly journals Introduction to variability of the North Atlantic and its marine ecosystems, 2000–2009, the proceedings of an ICES/NAFO symposium held in Santander, Spain, 10–12 May 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Wiebe ◽  
Bert Rudels ◽  
Steven X. Cadrin ◽  
Ken F. Drinkwater ◽  
Alicia Lavin
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
International Council ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Physical Changes

Abstract Wiebe, P. H., Rudels, B., Cadrin, S. X., Drinkwater, K. F., and Lavin, A. 2012. Introduction to Variability of the North Atlantic and its marine ecosystems, 2000–2009, the proceedings of an ICES/NAFO symposium held in Santander, Spain, 10–12 May 2011. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 697–702. An international symposium on decadal changes in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) regions of the North Atlantic from 2001 to 2009, jointly sponsored by ICES and NAFO, took place in Santander, Spain, from 10 to 12 May 2011. During the period covered by the symposium, the upper ocean warmed, particularly in temperate and Arctic–boreal regions, and there were major biogeographic shifts and changes in the phenology of the biota that appear to be related to the physical changes.

H.M.S. Challenger and the Development of Marine Science

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charnock
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

The existence of marine science is commonly believed to date from the great Challenger Expedition which sailed in 1872. Indeed John Young Buchanan, the Expedition's chemist, held that oceanography started on one particular day in 1873, the day of Challenger's Station I when she first dredged in the depths of the North Atlantic south of Tenerife. In fact, as anyone who has read Margaret Deacon's Scientists and the Sea knows very well, marine science has grown gradually over the centuries, at rates depending on individuals and the environment in which they found themselves.

scholarly journals Challenges in integrative approaches to modelling the marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic: Physics to fish and coasts to ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 285-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Holt ◽  
J. Icarus Allen ◽  
Thomas R. Anderson ◽  
Robert Brewin ◽  
Momme Butenschön ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Variations of oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes in the North Atlantic and their link to the North Atlantic Oscillation Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Iakovleva ◽  
Igor Bashmachnikov
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Subpolar Gyre ◽  
Heat Advection ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

<p>Interannual variations in the upper ocean heat and freshwater contents in the subpolar North Atlantic has important climatic effect. It affects the intensity of deep convection, which, in turn, forms the link between upper and deep ocean circulation of the global ocean Conveyor Belt.</p><p>The upper ocean heat content is primarily affected by two main process: by the ocean-atmosphere heat exchange and by oceanic heat advection. The intensity of both fluxes in the subpolar gyre is linked to the character of atmospheric circulation, largely determined by the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).</p><p>To study the interannual variability of the oceanic heat advection (in the upper 500<sup>th</sup> meters layer) we compare the results from four different data-sets: ARMOR-3D (1993-2018), SODA3.4.2 and SODA3.12.2 (1980-2017), and ORAS5 (1958-2017). The ocean-atmosphere heat exchange is accessed as the sum of the latent and the sensible heat fluxes, obtained from OAFlux data-set (1958-2016).</p><p>The oceanic heat advection to the Labrador and to the Irminger seas has high negative correlation (-0.79) with that into the Nordic Seas. During the years with high winter NAO Index (NAOI) the oceanic heat advection into the Subpolar Gyre decreases, while to the Nordic Seas – increases. These variations go in parallel with the intensification of the Norwegian, the West Spitsbergen and the slope East Greenland currents and weakening of the West Greenland and the Irminger Currents. During the years with high NAOI, the ocean heat release (both sensible and latent) over the Labrador and Irminger seas increases, but over the Norwegian Sea it decreases.</p><p>In summary, the results show that, during the positive NAO phase, the observed decrease of the heat content in the upper Labrador and Irminger seas is linked to both, a higher oceanic het release and a lower intensity of advection of warm water from the south. In the Norwegian Sea, the opposite sign of variations of the fluxes above leads to a simultaneous warming of the upper ocean.</p><p>The investigation is supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (RSF), number of project 17-17-01151.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

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