scholarly journals Comparative study of properties and fatty acid composition of some neat vegetable oils and waste cooking oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omojola Awogbemi ◽  
Emmanuel Idoko Onuh ◽  
Freddie L Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils

Abstract Vegetable oils have been used as a feedstock for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production. The high cost of neat vegetable oil and its impact on food security have necessitated its replacement as a feedstock for FAME by used vegetable oil, also known as waste cooking oil (WCO). This study compares the properties and fatty acid (FA) compositions of samples of neat vegetable oil with those of samples of WCO, collected from restaurants and takeaway outlets at the point of disposal. The samples were subjected to property determination and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometer (PYGCMS) analysis. Analysis showed that degree of usage and the type of food items originally fried in the oil substantially affected its properties and FA composition. Density of neat vegetable oil varied between 904.3 and 919.7 kg/m3 and of WCO between 904.3 and 923.2 kg/m3. The pH of neat vegetable oil varied between 7.38 and 8.63 and of WCO between 5.13 and 6.61. The PYGCMS analysis showed that neat palm oil contains 87.7% unsaturated FA and 12.3% saturated FA, whereas neat sunfoil contains 74.37% saturated FA and 25% polyunsaturated FA. Generally, neat vegetable oils consisted mainly of saturated FAs and polyunsaturated FAs, whereas the WCO contained mainly of saturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs. This research confirms the suitability of WCO as feedstock for FAME.

Intensification of waste cooking oil transformation by transesterification and esterification reactions in oscillatory baffled and microstructured reactors for biodiesel production

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mazubert ◽  
Joelle Aubin ◽  
Sébastien Elgue ◽  
Martine Poux
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Microstructured Reactors ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Cooking Oils

AbstractThe transformation of waste cooking oils for fatty acid methyl ester production is investigated in two intensified technologies: microstructured Corning

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
Norkamruzita Saadon ◽  
Nor Ashikin Mohd Yusof ◽  
Noraini Razali ◽  
Marshahida Mat Yashim ◽  
Amira Khairin Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is clear liquid with a light to dark yellow color. Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels that are attractive because of its favorable characteristics such as being non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable, carbon neutral and low emission. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is a type of biodiesel. In this study, it was produced by using transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) which was reacted with methanol and heterogeneous catalyst. The two heterogeneous catalysts that were used in this study were sodium (Na) metal hydroxide supported on oil palm frond (OPF) and Na metal supported on oil palm kernel shell (OPKS). The support metal used was sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). OPF and OPKS were used as they are the major residues obtained from the oil palm plantation that covers approximately 14.72% of Malaysian’s total landmass. The parameters that in this study were the reaction temperatures of the transesterification process from 30°C to 60°C and the catalyst loading from 0.5wt% to 3wt%. The reaction time and ratio methanol to oil were kept constant which were 4 hours and 1:10 respectively. This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of two different heterogeneous catalysts on both temperature and catalyst loading on the yield production of FAME. The results were obtained by using GCMS analysis. From the experiment that was conducted, the results of FAME production by using two different catalysts indicate that the higher the reaction temperature is, the higher the production of FAME which is at 60°C. It also shows that the percentage yield of FAME increases with the increase of catalyst loading until it reaches the best value which is at 1wt%.

Detection of Adulterated Vegetable Oils Containing Waste Cooking Oils Based on the Contents and Ratios of Cholesterol, β-Sitosterol, and Campesterol by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1645-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixiang Zhao ◽  
Yongli Wang ◽  
Xiuli Xu ◽  
Heling Ren ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils

Abstract A simple and accurate authentication method for the detection of adulterated vegetable oils that contain waste cooking oil (WCO) was developed. This method is based on the determination of cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol in vegetable oils and WCO by GC/MS without any derivatization. A total of 148 samples involving 12 types of vegetable oil and WCO were analyzed. According to the results, the contents and ratios of cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol were found to be criteria for detecting vegetable oils adulterated with WCO. This method could accurately detect adulterated vegetable oils containing 5% refined WCO. The developed method has been successfully applied to multilaboratory analysis of 81 oil samples. Seventy-five samples were analyzed correctly, and only six adulterated samples could not be detected. This method could not yet be used for detection of vegetable oils adulterated with WCO that are used for frying non-animal foods. It provides a quick method for detecting adulterated edible vegetable oils containing WCO.

scholarly journals Biofuel blend late post-injection effects on oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Tilli ◽  
Tuomo Hulkkonen ◽  
Ossi Kaario ◽  
Martti Larmi ◽  
Teemu Sarjovaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Diesel Oxidation

In this article, the effects of different biofuel–diesel blends on engine oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance during late post-injections were investigated. The engine tests were made with an off-road diesel engine under low load conditions at 1200 r/min engine speed. During the experiments, oil samples were periodically taken from the engine oil and later analyzed. Emissions and temperatures before and after the diesel oxidation catalyst were also measured. The fuels studied were fossil EN590:2013 diesel fuel, 30 vol.% biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and 30 vol.% hydrotreated vegetable oil, which is a paraffinic diesel fuel fulfilling the EN15940 specification. The novelty of the study is based on two parts. First, similar late post-injection tests were run with blends of both hydrotreated vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl ester, giving a rare comparison with the fuels. Second, oil dilution and the fuel exit rates during normal mode without the late post-injections were measured. The results showed the oil dilution and the diesel oxidation catalyst performance to be very similar with regular diesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil blend. With the fatty acid methyl ester blend, increased oil dilution, smaller temperature rise in the diesel oxidation catalyst and higher emissions were measured. This indicates that during diesel particulate filter regeneration by late post-injections, fatty acid methyl ester blends increase fuel consumption and require shorter oil change intervals, while hydrotreated vegetable oil blends require no parameter changes.

Fatty acid methyl ester production from waste cooking oil catalyzed by CuO-CeO2/NiO mixed oxides

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 023104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tajammul Hussain ◽  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Maria Saeed ◽  
Syed Danish Ali ◽  
Maliha Asma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals Evaluation of a New Cerium Oxide-Bismuth Oxide-Based Nanobiocomposite as a Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Anam Shahzadi ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Sadia Akram ◽  
Tooba Touqeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source that can be used together with other biofuels to help meet the growing energy needs of the rapidly increasing global population in an environmentally friendly way. In search for new and more efficient biodiesel production methods, this work reports on the synthesis and use of a novel biocatalyst that can function in a broader range of pH and temperature conditions, while producing high biodiesel yields from vegetable oils. Biodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of non-edible Eruca sativa oil using a lipase from Aspergillus niger that was immobilized on cerium oxide bismuth oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were first grafted with polydopamine which facilitated the subsequent anchoring of the enzyme on the nanoparticle support. The enzyme activity, pH and temperature stability, and reusability of the immobilized lipase were superior to those of the free enzyme. Following response surface methodology optimization, the highest biodiesel yield of 90.6% was attained using 5 wt% biocatalyst, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 40 °C, pH of 7, and reaction time of 60 h. The produced biodiesel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and its fatty acid methyl ester composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Erucic acid methyl ester was identified as the major component in biodiesel, with 47.7 wt% of the total fatty acid methyl esters content. The novel nanobiocatalyst (Bi2O3·CeO2@[email protected]) has the potential to produce high biodiesel yields from a variety of vegetable oils.

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