Host Immune Responses after Administration of Inactivated Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Vaccines. II. Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Donors and Adoptively Immunized Recipients

1976 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Rabinowitz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

scholarly journals Immune profiling reveals early disease trajectories associated with COVID-19 mortality: a sub-study from the ACTT-1 trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M Thiede ◽  
Abigail R Gress ◽  
Samuel D Libby ◽  
Christine E Ronayne ◽  
William E Matchett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Study Enrollment ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Immune Profiling

Abstract COVID-19 outcomes are linked to host immune responses and may be impacted by antiviral therapy. We investigated antibody and cytokine responses in ACTT-1 study participants enrolled at our center. We studied serum specimens from 19 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 randomized to treatment with remdesivir or placebo. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and identified cytokine signatures using hierarchical clustering. We identified no clear immunologic trends attributable to remdesivir treatment. Seven subjects were initially seronegative at study enrollment, and all four deaths occurred in this group with more recent symptom onset. We identified three dominant cytokine signatures, demonstrating different disease trajectories.

scholarly journals Marburg virus survivor immune responses are Th1 skewed with limited neutralizing antibody responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (9) ◽  
pp. 2563-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer W. Stonier ◽  
Andrew S. Herbert ◽  
Ana I. Kuehne ◽  
Ariel Sobarzo ◽  
Polina Habibulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses

Until recently, immune responses in filovirus survivors remained poorly understood. Early studies revealed IgM and IgG responses to infection with various filoviruses, but recent outbreaks have greatly expanded our understanding of filovirus immune responses. Immune responses in survivors of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) infections have provided the most insight, with T cell responses as well as detailed antibody responses having been characterized. Immune responses to Marburg virus (MARV), however, remain almost entirely uncharacterized. We report that immune responses in MARV survivors share characteristics with EBOV and SUDV infections but have some distinct differences. MARV survivors developed multivariate CD4+ T cell responses but limited CD8+ T cell responses, more in keeping with SUDV survivors than EBOV survivors. In stark contrast to SUDV survivors, rare neutralizing antibody responses in MARV survivors diminished rapidly after the outbreak. These results warrant serious consideration for any vaccine or therapeutic that seeks to be broadly protective, as different filoviruses may require different immune responses to achieve immunity.

scholarly journals Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Martinez ◽  
Sallie R. Permar ◽  
Genevieve G. Fouda
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Hiv Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Pediatric Populations

ABSTRACTExtensive studies have demonstrated that infant immune responses are distinct from those of adults. Despite these differences, infant immunization can elicit protective immune responses at levels comparable to or, in some cases, higher than adult immune responses to many vaccines. To date, only a few HIV vaccine candidates have been tested in infant populations, and none of them evaluated vaccine efficacy. Recent exciting studies showing that HIV-infected infants can develop broad neutralizing antibody responses and that some HIV vaccine regimens can elicit high levels of potentially protective antibodies in infants provide support for the development and testing of HIV vaccines in pediatric populations. In this review, we discuss the differences in adult and infant immune responses in the setting of HIV infection and vaccination.

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