scholarly journals No consistent evidence of decreased exposure to varicella-zoster virus among older adults in countries with universal varicella vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Carryn ◽  
Brigitte Cheuvart ◽  
Michael Povey ◽  
Alemnew F Dagnew ◽  
Rafael Harpaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Multinational Clinical Trial

Abstract Background Universal varicella vaccination might reduce opportunities for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) exposure and protective immunological boosting, thus increasing herpes zoster incidence in latently infected adults. Here, we assessed humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as markers of VZV exposure, from adults aged ≥50 years. Methods We repurposed data from placebo recipients in a large multinational clinical trial (ZOE-50, NCT01165177). Countries were clustered based on their varicella vaccination programme characteristics, as having high, moderate or low VZV circulation. Anti-VZV antibody geometric mean concentrations, median frequencies of VZV-specific CD4 T cells and percentages of individuals with increases in VZV-specific CD4 T cell frequencies were compared across countries and clusters. Sensitivity analyses using a variable number of timepoints and different thresholds were also performed for CMI data. Results VZV-specific humoral immunity from 17 countries (12 high, two moderate, three low circulation) varied significantly between countries (p<0·0001) but not by VZV circulation. No significant differences were identified in VZV-specific CMI between participants from two high versus one low circulation countries. In 3/5 sensitivity analyses, increases in CMI were more frequent in high VZV circulation countries (0.03≤p<0.05). Conclusions We found no consistent evidence of reduced VZV exposure among older adults in countries with universal varicella vaccination.

scholarly journals Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay Responses and Zoster-Associated Pain in Herpes Zoster Subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Tyring ◽  
Jon E. Stek ◽  
Jeffrey G. Smith ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
Marco Pagnoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTVaricella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses were compared over time following an episode of herpes zoster (HZ) with those of age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) without HZ, using a validated gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The zoster brief-pain inventory (ZBPI) was used to assess zoster-associated pain. HZ patients (n= 140) had significantly higher IFN-γ ELISPOT responses to VZV antigen than did HC (n= 140). ELISPOT geometric mean count (GMC) responses (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for subjects who presented within 72 h were as follows: for HZ patients ≥ 60 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 110 and at week 2 the GMC was 235; for HZ patients 21 to 59 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 111 and at week 2 the GMC was 198; for HC ≥ 60 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 19 and at week 2 the GMC was 18; and for HC 21 to 59 years of age, at day 0 the GMC was 59 and at week 2 the GMC was 56. The mean pain score (95% CI) across age groups at 1 week postrash (n= 106) was 6.0 (5.5, 6.5) and at 2 weeks postrash (n= 119) was 3.5 (2.9, 4.0). The percentage of HZ patients with substantial pain (score ≥ 3) at 6 weeks postrash increased with age from 8% for patients 21 to 49 years of age to 16% for patients 50 to 59 years of age to 22% for patients ≥ 60 years of age. The VZV-specific CMI response was substantially boosted by an episode of HZ, as measured by ELISPOT results. Older adults had lower VZV-specific cellular immunity than younger subjects at baseline, but the boosting effect of HZ was substantial for all age groups. HZ patients experienced considerable zoster-associated acute (1 to 2 weeks after rash) pain across age groups, while chronic pain increased with age.

Mucosal cell-mediated immunity to varicella zoster virus: Role in protection against disease

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bogger-Goren ◽  
Joel M. Bernstein ◽  
Anne A. Gershon ◽  
Pearay L. Ogra
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Long-Term Protective Immunity of Recipients of the OKA Strain of Live Varicella Vaccine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshizo Asano ◽  
Takao Nagai ◽  
Takao Miyata ◽  
Takehiko Yazaki ◽  
Shigemitsu Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Geometric Mean Titer ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mean Diameter

In spite of close contacts with patients who had varicella, 101 of 106 (95%) healthy and sick children (142 of 147 (97%) exposures of these children) who had received the OKA strain of live varicella vaccine 7 to 10 years earlier were protected against the disease completely. Among them, 37 of 38 (97%) vaccine recipients who received immunologic testing had varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibodies tested by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen method with a geometric mean titer of 1:9.3, and 37 of the 38 (97%) showed positive skin reaction to varicella-zoster virus antigen with erythema (mean diameter 13.4 mm). These findings were compared with those for 29 children who had contracted typical varicella 7 to 10 years earlier, whose seropositive rate was 100% with a geometric mean titer of 1:10.5, and 97% of whom (28/29) had positive skin reaction with mean diameter of 12.9 mm. These results indicate that the vaccine-induced protective immunity persists for approximately one decade and is almost equal to the long-term immunity following natural infection.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frames 62 and 63 in Latently Infected Human Trigeminal Ganglia

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 4921-4926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Gary ◽  
Donald H. Gilden ◽  
Randall J. Cohrs
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Glycoprotein C ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Human Chromosome 4 ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Open reading frames (ORFs) 21, 29, 62, 63, and 66 of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are transcribed during latency in human ganglia. ORF 63 is the most frequently expressed gene, and ORF 62 encodes a transcriptional activator. The mechanisms regulating the expression of these genes are not well understood, although analyses of other alphaherpesviruses indicate a role for chromatin in virus gene regulation during latent infection. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to analyze the euchromatic state of ORFs 62 and 63 compared to the centromere from human chromosome 4 (heterochromatic) and the human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (euchromatic), we show that the promoters of ORFs 62 and 63 are associated with the histone protein H3K9(Ac) and thus maintained in a euchromatic state during latency. Conversely, the promoters of ORF 36 (thymidine kinase) and ORF 14 (glycoprotein C), genes expressed during lytic but not latent infection, were not enriched in the fraction of latently infected ganglia that bound to anti-H3K9(Ac) antibody. A ChIP assay using productively infected MeWo cells revealed that VZV ORFs 62, 63, 36, and 14 are all euchromatic. Together, these data indicate that the expression of the two latency-related VZV genes, ORFs 62 and 63, is regulated epigenetically through chromatin structure.

scholarly journals Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Cell-Mediated Immunity 3 Years After the Administration of Zoster Vaccine to Septuagenarians Immunized 10 Years Previously

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Weinberg ◽  
Myron Levin ◽  
Kenneth Schmader ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Yupanqui Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Zoster Vaccine ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Controlling Varicella in the Healthcare Setting: Barriers to Varicella Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmooda Qureshi ◽  
Steven M. Gordon ◽  
Belinda Yen-Lieberman ◽  
David G. Litaker
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccine

AbstractWe surveyed healthcare workers to determine factors that may influence acceptance of varicella-zoster virus vaccine. Of 2,801 workers tested, 90 were susceptible to varicella; of workers offered vaccination, 68% accepted. Workers providing direct patient care were 3.7-fold more likely than other workers to accept VZV vaccination (P=.04).

Restricted Transcription of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Latently Infected Human Trigeminal and Thoracic Ganglia

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S24-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cohrs ◽  
R. Mahalingam ◽  
A. N. Dueland ◽  
W. Wolf ◽  
M. Wellish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Latently Infected

scholarly journals Varicella-Zoster Virus Gene 66 Transcription and Translation in Latently Infected Human Ganglia

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 6660-6665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. Cohrs ◽  
Donald H. Gilden ◽  
Paul R. Kinchington ◽  
Esther Grinfeld ◽  
Peter G. E. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Virus Gene ◽  
Latently Infected

ABSTRACT Latent infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is characterized by restricted virus gene expression and the absence of virus production. Of the ∼70 predicted VZV genes, only five (genes 4, 21, 29, 62, and 63) have been shown by multiple techniques to be transcribed during latency. IE62, the protein product of VZV gene 62, is the major immediate-early (IE) virus-encoded transactivator of viral gene transcription and plays a pivotal role in transactivating viral genes during lytic infection. The protein kinase (66-pk) encoded by VZV gene 66 phosphorylates IE62, resulting in cytoplasmic accumulation of IE62 that mitigates nuclear IE62-induced gene activation. Analysis of latently infected human trigeminal ganglia for 66-pk expression by reverse transcriptase-dependent nested PCR, including DNA sequence analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, revealed VZV open reading frame 66 to be a previously unrecognized latently expressed virus gene and suggests that prevention of IE62 import to the nucleus by VZV 66-pk phosphorylation is one possible mechanism by which VZV latency is maintained.

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