Burns by Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Alcocer ◽  
Priscilla Alcocer ◽  
Carlos Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Diagnostic Equipment ◽  
Nonionizing Radiation

Abstract This article consists of the study and investigative analysis of the effects of burns by radiation in humans. Cases of nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl (ionizing radiation) and the effects of non-ionizing radiation such as infrared and microwave radiation are detailed. It is examined cases of injuries and burns by ionizing radiation due to irradiation (diagnostic equipment and medical treatment: X-rays, radiotherapy) or contamination (nuclear accidents, wars). Injuries and burns are also caused by nonionizing radiation, such as visible light (laser), ultraviolet, radiofrequency. There are numerous biological issues in the case of tissues, the ionizing radiation (ionizing particles and electromagnetic radiation: X-rays, gamma rays and high energy ultraviolet) can cause damage mainly in the DNA. This can cause mutations in its genetic code and cancer 5. In addition, damage to other tissues and organs can occur, as well as burns, erythema and lesions. The biological effects of nonionizing radiation are currently under investigation. Burns, erythema and lesions can also occur due to the following types of radiation: low energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radiofrequency, electromagnetic fields. The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of all types of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and their effects on living beings. Finally, it is important to follow all safety and radiation protections against both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

HEALTH HAZARDS FROM MOBILE TOWER: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Avni KP Skandhan ◽  
Skandhan KP ◽  
Prasad BS
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
Smart Tv

Our knowledge on X-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation is ionising . Non-ionising gadget radiation is from Mobile Phone, Laptop, Tablet Smart TV etc. and harmful radiations is from mobile towers . FM radio waves, Microwaves, Visible light are also other forms of non-ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals Requirement of HE-PIXE at High Z Elements in Charnockite Matrix Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avupati Venkata Surya Satyanarayana ◽  
Mokka Jagannadha Rao ◽  
Byreddy Seetharami Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Ray Series

Abstract. The maximum of Proton Induced X-ray Emission analytical technique on metamorphic rocks in geology has used 3 MeV range proton beams for excitation of thick targets. Protons of such energies do not accurately excite K-X–rays for high Z elements in matrix geological compositions like charnockite. In this analysis, low-energy PIXE (LE-PIXE) uses K-X-rays of Low Z elements and L-X-ray series for high Z elements. The resulting spectra between K-X-rays of light elements and L-X-rays of heavy elements can require striping techniques to resolve overlap difficulties in matrix composition. The results high Z elements in charnockite are to be expected, as the cross section for K-shell ionization of high-Z elements have greater values in the proton energy range of greater than 3 MeV in case of charnockite matrix composition. It has been suggested that the overlap of these discrete, gamma-rays with the X-ray spectrum may be serious problem in charnockite high energy PIXE (HE-PIXE) work, sufficient to preclude its use as a viable analytical technique. The conclusion proves that for a very complex matrix charnockite material of unknown chemistry, a HE-PIXE analytical spectrum may contain various X-ray and gamma peaks, some of which may overlap, making the analysis of line identities and the evaluation of X-ray counts intractable. It does not however represent any intrinsic drawback in HE-PIXE, nor does it mean that HE-PIXE is any more or less intractable than many other nuclear analytical techniques. Alternatively, the same analytical tool use could be made of gamma-rays in HE-PIXE as in low energy analytical tools like PIGE, NRA or INAA to obtain the results of charnockite at high Z completely.

Radiation physics, biology, and protection

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-68
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Dosimetry ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Patient Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Physics

This chapter describes the interactions of X-rays with matter, the biological effects of ionizing radiation (including estimated dose thresholds), the science behind radiation dosimetry, and principles of protection of people and the environment. It goes on to describe patient dose according to scanner design, scan parameters, and methods to manage and optimize radiation doses.

scholarly journals Physical Constraints on Models of Gamma-Ray Bursters

1986 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Richard I. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Burst Source ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Photon Interactions

AbstractThe power per logarithmic bandwidth in gamma-ray burst spectra generally increases rapidly with energy through the x-ray range and does not cut off sharply above a few MeV. This spectral form indicates that a very small fraction of the energy from a gamma-ray burst source is emitted at low energies or is reprocessed into x-rays and that the high-energy gamma rays are not destroyed by photon-photon interactions. The implications are that the emission mechanism for the gamma-ray bursts is not synchrotron radiation from electrons that lose most of their energy before being re-accelerated and that either the regions from which the gamma rays are emitted are large compared to the size of a neutron star or the emission is collimated and beamed away from the stellar surface.

scholarly journals The Flare of 1989 September 9, 09:09 UT: Does Coronal Loop Collision Initiate Efficient Gamma-Ray Emission?

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 707-711
Author(s):  
H. Aurass ◽  
A. Hofmann ◽  
E. Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Current Sheet ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Coronal Loop ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Emission ◽  
Magnetogram Data

AbstractVector magnetogram data and Hα pictures together with data published by Chupp et al. lead us to conjecture that in the presented case a contact between the rising two-ribbon flare current sheet and a coronal loop connecting two nearby plage regions initiates efficient high-energy γ-ray emission.Subject headings: Sun: corona — Sun: flares — Sun: X-rays, gamma rays

Bone Mineral (Apatite) Assay by Photon Scattering - A Survey of Sources and Experimental Evaluation

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther E. Preuss ◽  
Dennis G. Piper ◽  
Claudius Bugenis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Photon Scattering ◽  
Energy Gamma

AbstractCurrent methods of measuring bone mineral content In vitro are either inaccurate or measure density in non-intuitive units. A recently developed system overcomes these difficulties by utilizing the Compton scattering of photons from bone. Two sources of monoenergetic photons with related properties are required. The range includes energetic x-rays and low energy gamma rays. This study analyzes a number of the possible nuclide source combinations, and reports experimental results accomplished with a 153Gd-170-Tm combination. In vitro measurement of the density of ox bones by this method agreed with Archimedean measurements within three percent.

scholarly journals Absorption of high energy gamma-rays by low energy intergalactic photons

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Stecker ◽  
O. C. De Jager
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Energy Gamma

scholarly journals Roles of the Major, Small, Acid-Soluble Spore Proteins and Spore-Specific and Universal DNA Repair Mechanisms in Resistance of Bacillus subtilis Spores to Ionizing Radiation from X Rays and High-Energy Charged-Particle Bombardment

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Moeller ◽  
Peter Setlow ◽  
Gerda Horneck ◽  
Thomas Berger ◽  
Günther Reitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Particle Bombardment ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Spore Proteins ◽  
Genome Protection

ABSTRACT The role of DNA repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination, spore photoproduct lyase, and DNA polymerase I and genome protection via α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP) in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to accelerated heavy ions (high-energy charged [HZE] particles) and X rays has been studied. Spores deficient in NHEJ and α/β-type SASP were significantly more sensitive to HZE particle bombardment and X-ray irradiation than were the recA, polA, and splB mutant and wild-type spores, indicating that NHEJ provides an efficient DNA double-strand break repair pathway during spore germination and that the loss of the α/β-type SASP leads to a significant radiosensitivity to ionizing radiation, suggesting the essential function of these spore proteins as protectants of spore DNA against ionizing radiation.

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