HEALTH HAZARDS FROM MOBILE TOWER: A REVIEW

Our knowledge on X-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation is ionising . Non-ionising gadget radiation is from Mobile Phone, Laptop, Tablet Smart TV etc. and harmful radiations is from mobile towers . FM radio waves, Microwaves, Visible light are also other forms of non-ionizing radiation.

Role of frequency modulation radio in disaster communication: A case study of Pakistan earthquake

Pakistan suffered from a massive earthquake in October 2005 that caused the deaths of more than 87 000 people. As a result of this calamity, around 3.5 million affected people had no access to information. In these scenarios, community media became an important catalyst. In developing countries, radio had proved far more accessible and useful than any other medium. But because of this natural hazard, local media also suffered heavily as dozens of journalists died and media houses and press clubs were destroyed. The current study attempted to explore the role of frequency modulation (FM) radio stations working in the earthquake hit areas in Pakistan. These stations were temporarily setup to inform the victims about the rehabilitation and reconstruction plans of the agencies involved. The data has been collected qualitatively through five focus group discussions which were conducted in the earthquake affected areas. Twelve in-depth interviews were also conducted for this purpose with FM stations personnel. The results revealed that the FM radio stations played a very important role in the rehabilitation phase by providing vital information to the victims, relief agencies and government. Lifesaving information like weather updates, precautionary measures in the tents, public service announcements and encouraging messages provided some hope to the victims to restart a normal life, and also motivated the students to restart their studies in makeshift schools.These FM networks became the voice of the affected people and helped a lot in bridging the communication gaps between the affected, relief agencies and government, and also ensured citizens’ participation in decision-making processes.

Implementasi bandpass filter m-derived pada pemancar radio FM

Pemancar siaran radio FM adalah salah satu sistem komunikasi nirkabel, bekerja rentang frekuensi 88-108 MHz membutuhkan sebuah filter bandpass untuk menghindari adanya interferensi dengan frekuensi yang berdekatan dengan pemancara radio. Jenis filter yang memiliki performansi cukup baik adalah filter dengan tingkat kecuraman yang cukup tinggi. Namun, untuk mendapatkan tingkat faktor kecuraman yang tinggi dengan menambah beberapa elemen. Maka, pada penelitian ini menambahkan rangkaian m-derived utnuk memberikan respon filter yang lebih curam tanpa menambahkan nilai elemen yang banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui perbandingan daya pemancar tanpa filter, dengan bandpass filter, dan menggunakan bandpass filter m-derived. Hasil pengujian daya pancar tanpa filter sebesar 2 Watt, dengan menggunakan bandpass filter daya pancar sebesar 1,05 Watt, sedangkan dengan menggunakan bandpass filter m-derived daya pancar sebesar 1,4 Watt. Kesimpulannya pelemahan (insertion loss) pada Bandpass Filter sebesar 2,53 dB sedangkan pelemahan (insertion loss) pada BPF m-derived section sebesar 1,54 dB dengan menambahkan BPF m-derived section memperbaiki daya keluaran pemancar lebih besar 0,35 W atau 1,01 dB dibandingkan dengan pemancar yang menggunakan BPF tanpa m-derived. FM radio broadcast transmitter is a wireless communication system, with frequency range of 88-108 MHz requires a bandpass filter to avoid interference with frequencies adjacent to radio transmitters. The type of filter that has a fairly good performance is a filter with a fairly high level of steepness. However, to get a high level of steepness factor by adding some elements. So, in this study, we added an m-derived circuit to provide a steeper filter response without adding a lot of element values. The purpose of this study is to compare the transmitter power without a filter, with a bandpass filter, and using an m-derived bandpass filter. The result of testing the unfiltered transmit power is 2 Watt, using a bandpass filter the transmit power is 1.05 Watt, while using the m-derived bandpass filter the transmit power is 1.4 Watt. In conclusion, the insertion loss in the Bandpass Filter is 2.53 dB, while the insertion loss in the BPF m-derived section is 1.54 dB by adding the BPF m-derived section to improve the transmitter output power by 0.35 W or 1 .01 dB compared to transmitters using BPF without m-derived.

Analisa Teknis Penetapan Kanal Frekuensi Radio Untuk Lembaga Penyiaran Radio Komunitas Wilayah Kabupaten Batang

The radio frequency spectrum constitutes a limited and strategic natural resource with high economic value, so it must be managed effectively and efficiently to obtain optimal benefits by observing national and international legal principles. Radio Community Broadcasting Institution uses limited frequency allocation in three channels, namely, in the frequency channels 202 (107.7 MHz), 203 (107.8 MHz), and 204 (107.9 MHz), with limited transmit power and area coverage. The problem in this research is the frequency overlap with other community radios in an area. The issue raised is whether it is possible to establish a new community radio in the Batang Regency area by paying attention to existing radios that have licenses in districts/cities that are in the area directly adjacent to Batang Regency by considering the limited allocation of radio frequency channels community, without the occurrence of radio frequency interference with other community radios. The purpose of this research is to solve these problems. It is necessary to have a policy in determining radio frequency users to get good quality radio broadcast reception. The method used is to analyze the frequency determination technique based on the interference analysis on other community broadcasters. By using the Radio Mobile Software for frequency repetition simulation, in this research, the results show that Batang FM Community Radio does not allow to get frequency channels for community radio operations. After all, it interferes with the Service Area of ​​Soneta FM Radio in Pekalongan City because it does not meet the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Nuisance Field (NF) value of 109.7 dB is greater than the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) of 66 dB. In comparison, Limpung FM Radio gets radio frequency on channel 203 (frequency 107.8 MHz) because it meets the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) 66 dB greater than the Nuisance Field (NF) of 55.7 dB.

PEMBELAJARAN PERCAKAPAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH MELALUI SIARAN RADIO KARYSMA FM PADA PANDEMI COVID-19

Learning in the Covid-19 pandemic has changed offline learning become online learning. Online learning has several problems for teachers, students, and parents. The covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has had a significant impact in all fields, especially in the education field. Learning English daily conversation through Karysma FM Radio aims to teach students daily conversation and motivate students to deepen their understanding of English subjects outside of school time. The methodology applied in the implementation of community service is observation and the implementing teaching process. The conclusions of learning English daily conversation through Karysma FM Radio are 1) Teaching English daily conversation with students at Karysma FM Radio requires creativity and English language skills; 2) Knowing the psychology of students, it is necessary to invite students to be willing to speak in English daily conversation considering that English subjects are lessons outside of school; 3) The obstacles in teaching English daily conversation with students at Radio Karysma FM are preparation of time and teaching materials

DELTA FM JOGJA'S MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY IN MAINTAINING ITS EXISTENCE IN THE SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA

The intence radio competition in Yogyakarta requires radios to have a strategy in maintaining their existence in this digitalized era. A good marketing communication strategy is needed to attract the attention of both listeners and advertisers. Delta FM radio as a network radio certainly has challenges in competing with other competitor radios in Yogyakarta. To maintain its existence, Delta FM radio requires the right marketing communication strategy. This study aims to determine the marketing communication strategy of Delta FM Yogyakarta in maintaining its existence in D.I.Yogyakarta. This study uses Planning theory by Berger, Marketing Communication Mix, and analysis of Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning (S-T-P). The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that in determining the marketing communication strategy, Delta FM Yogyakarta carried out 3 stages, namely the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. In its implementation, Delta FM uses 5 stages of marketing communication mix, such as Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, Personal Selling and Direct Selling.

The Synergy of Islamic Da’wah and Madura Culture Programmes on Nada FM Sumenep Radio, Indonesia

Nada FM Sumenep radio is the only commercial radio in East Java that has successfully synergised Islamic religious programmes and Madurese culture in its broadcasts. Several things influenced that success. This includes a careful understanding of business opportunities, ingenuity in creating programmes that fit the needs of religious content for Sumenep residents, Islamic da'wah programmes that is synergised with Madurese culture, and the support of communication technology (mediamorphosis). This qualitative research method uses virtual ethnography, where researchers conducted participant observation in the real and virtual world. The informants are one cultural leader, two programmers, one announcer, and three loyal listeners. This research explored the process of mediamorphosis, types of Islamic da'wah programmes, and Madurese cultural programmes, content, and the form of interaction among listeners and radio institutions in a networked society. The results showed that the form of mediamorphosis of Nada FM radio can be seen through the usage of streaming, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. The aim of synergising content is to strengthen Islamic religious beliefs while maintaining Madurese culture. Connectivity in a networked society makes it easier to gain access to the radio content. Listeners prefer using WhatsApp as the media to express criticism. The ad suitability, chat duration, announcers' attitude, quality of sound and streaming, and the suitability of the da'wah theme are also key reasons to the success of Nada FM Sumenep radio. Keywords: Culture radio, da’wah radio, mediamorphosis, virtual ethnography, Indonesia.

Spectrum Occupancy Model Based on Empirical Data for FM Radio Broadcasting in Suburban Environments

It is well-known that the analog FM radio channels in suburban areas are underutilized. Before reallocating the unused channels for other applications, a regulator must analyze the spectrum occupancy. Many researchers proposed the spectrum occupancy models to find vacant spectrum. However, the existing models do not analyze each channel individually. This paper proposes an approach consisting (i) a spectrum measurement strategy, (ii) an appropriate decision threshold, and (iii) criteria for channel classification, to find the unused channels. The measurement strategy monitors each channel’s activity by capturing the power levels of the passband and the guardband separately. The decision threshold is selected depending on the monitored channel’s activity. The criteria classifies the channels based on the passband’s and guardband’s duty cycles. The results show that the proposed channel classification can identify 42 unused channels. If the power levels of wholebands (existing model) were analyzed instead of passband’s and guardband’s duty cycles, only 24 unoccupied channels were found. Furthermore, we propose the interference criteria, based on relative duty cycles across channels, to classify the abnormally used channels into interference sources and interference sinks, which have 16 and 15 channels, respectively. This information helps the dynamic spectrum sharing avoid or mitigate the interferences.