scholarly journals Random and Directed Movement by Warren Root Collar Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Relative to Size and Distance of Host Lodgepole Pine Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharleen L Balogh ◽  
Niklas Björklund ◽  
Dezene P W Huber ◽  
B Staffan Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Tree Characteristics

Abstract Hylobius warreni Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a pest of conifers, especially lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Douglas ex Loudon) (Pinales: Pinaceae) in the Interior of British Columbia. The larvae feed on the roots and root collars and cause girdling damage, resulting in mortality or growth reductions. Previous research has suggested the adult weevils locate potential host trees by using random movements and vision, but likely not chemosensory cues. The purpose of this study is to determine if adult H. warreni respond to particular tree characteristics versus encounter potential hosts at random. Study A was a capture–mark–recapture experiment where weevils were captured on mature pine trees, while Study B was a tracking experiment within a young pine plantation. Weevils showed a preference for larger trees, and for trees that were closer to the weevil’s last known location. In Study A, weevils also avoided climbing trees in poor health, while in Study B, the weevils’ preference for taller trees increased as their distance from the weevil increased, as well as when taller trees were closer to other trees. Movement rates were similar to those observed in previous studies, were positively correlated with the average spacing of trees, and declined with time after release. This confirms previous findings that H. warreni may locate host trees by both vision and random movements, and that their movements are determined primarily by the size and distribution of potential host trees within their habitat.

Species, elevation, and diameter affect whitebark pine and lodgepole pine stored resources in the sapwood and phloem: implications for bark beetle outbreaks

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1312-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor C. Lahr ◽  
Anna Sala
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

Stored resources in trees reflect physiological and environmental variables and affect life history traits, including growth, reproduction, resistance to abiotic stress, and defense. However, less attention has been paid to the fact that stored resources also determine tissue nutritional quality and may have direct consequences for the success of herbivores and pathogens. Here, we investigated whether stored resources differed between two hosts of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902): lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex. Loudon), a common host, and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelmann), a more naïve host that grows at higher altitudes. Phloem and sapwood were sampled in small- and large-diameter trees at two elevations, and nitrogen, phosphorus, nonstructural carbohydrates, and lipids were measured. We found that concentrations of stored resources increased with elevation and tree diameter for both species and that whitebark pine had thicker phloem than lodgepole pine. Overall, stored resources were higher in whitebark pine such that small-diameter whitebark pine trees often had resource concentrations higher than large-diameter lodgepole pines. These results suggest that whitebark pine is of higher nutritional quality than lodgepole pine, which could have implications for the current expansion of mountain pine beetles into higher altitude and latitude forests in response to climate warming.

Ectomycorrhizas of regenerating stands of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Bradbury ◽  
R M Danielson ◽  
S Visser
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Study Sites

The ectomycorrhizal community associated with regenerating lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud.) after clear-cutting in southwestern Alberta was investigated in 6-, 10-, and 19-year-old cut blocks and their adjacent 90-year-old undisturbed control stands. Twenty different mycorrhizal taxa were found in the 90-year-old undisturbed stands. Of these 20, 13 mycorrhizal taxa were found in the 6-year-old cut blocks, and 15 mycorrhizal taxa were found in both the 10- and 19-year-old cut blocks. The most common associate of all stand ages was Mycelium radicis atrovirens Melin (MRA), which overall colonized 29% (weighted average) of the root tips. Species or groups accounting for greater than 10% of the mycorrhizas in one or more age classes included Piloderma fallax (Karst.) Jül. (15% overall), Piloderma byssinum (Karst.) Jül. (11%), Cenococcum geophilum L. (8%), Russula-like (8%), Suillus brevipes (Pk.) Kuntze (5%), Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing., Snell & Dick (5%), and Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) S.F. Gray (2%). Although several mycorrhizal fungi exhibited significant differences in percent relative abundance of root tips colonized, when comparing cut blocks to their controls, there was no evidence to suggest that the suite of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots of young lodgepole pine trees was replaced by a different suite of mycorrhizal fungi in mature stands. Extensive fruit body collections, totalling 43 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, throughout the study sites support this contention.Key words: Pinus contorta ectomycorrhizas, clear-cutting, second-rotation forests, succession.

How well can we select undamaged site trees for estimating site index?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D Nigh ◽  
Bobby A Love
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Unbiased Estimates

The best estimates of site index, an indicator of site productivity, are obtained from site trees. Undamaged site trees should be sampled to obtain unbiased estimates of site index. Two juvenile height growth modelling projects provided us with sufficient data to assess our ability to select undamaged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) site trees. The sample trees were split open to measure height growth from the terminal bud scars. Splitting the stems also revealed damage that was not visible from the outside of the tree. Over 50% of the lodgepole pine trees and 75% of the white spruce trees had damage, which was much higher than expected. Possible causes of damage are frost and insects. The damage does not significantly reduce the height of the spruce trees, but there is evidence that the heights of the lodgepole pine trees are reduced.

The occurrence of polar structures in callus cultures from mature lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2595-2596
Author(s):  
Susan C. MacDougall ◽  
Shona M. Ellis ◽  
Iain E. P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A somatic polar structure was observed in white callus cultured, in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10−6 M) and benzylaminopurine (4 × 10−6 M), from leaf explants taken from mature lodgepole pine trees. The structure contained elongate, vacuolate cells and small cells arranged with some resemblance to the first zygotic embryo cells. We were not able to induce further development.

A New Formulation and Reduced Rates of Carbary for Protecting Lodgepole Pine from Mountain Pine Beetle Attack

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Shea ◽  
Mark McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
New Formulation

Abstract A large-scale field experiment was conducted on the Flathead National Forest, Montana, to evaluate the efficacy of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% formulations of Sevimol® and Sevin brand XLR® for protecting individual lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) from attack by mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.). All concentrations and formulations were highly effective (>95%) in protecting lodgepole pine trees from lethal attack by mountain pine beetle for 1 year, and the 1% and 2% concentrations were effective (>90%) for 2 years. West. J. Appl. For. 2(4):114-116, October 1987

EMERGENCE OF IPS PINI AND HYLURGOPS POROSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM DUFF AT THE BASE OF LODGEPOLE PINES (PINACEAE) KILLED BY MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton ◽  
T.L. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
Root Collar

Lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. contorta Engelmann, killed by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, are often subsequently infested by other scolytid species (Safranyik et al. 1996). Ips pini (Say) breeds in the phloem region of the main bole and larger branches in areas not occupied by mountain pine beetle. Adults emerge in the fall and drop to overwinter in the duff near the bases of their brood trees (Safranyik et al. 1996). Hylurgops porosus (LeConte) infests lodgepole pine (Keen 1952; Bright 1976) stumps or severely weakened trees near the root collar and in large roots (Wood 1982). We examined the pattern of emergence of I. pini and H. porosus from the duff around infested trees to describe changes in density over distance from the trees.

scholarly journals Carbon storage recovery in surviving lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) 11 years after mountain pine beetle attack in northern British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1390
Author(s):  
Jesse McEwen ◽  
Arthur L. Fredeen ◽  
Thomas G. Pypker ◽  
Vanessa N. Foord ◽  
T. Andrew Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth Release ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Highly Correlated

We studied the recovery of tree- and stand-level carbon (C) storage in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forest in northern British Columbia that experienced substantial (∼83%) mortality in 2006–2007 (total loss by 2013 = 86%) during a severe mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) infestation. Earlier work suggested that this forest recovered positive annual C storage 3 years after attack based on eddy covariance measurements. We sought to confirm these results by examining C storage in surviving pine trees using tree core analysis. Average growth release of surviving lodgepole pine trees was 392% (range of –53% to 2326%) compared with mean decadal growth prior to MPB attack. Nearly 97% of trees underwent a growth release, considerably higher than the 15%–75% reported for lodgepole pine in previous studies. Mean annual stem C storage of the surviving trees in this study was highly correlated (r = 0.88) with 10 years of annual net ecosystem productivity estimates made using the eddy covariance technique, indicating that surviving lodgepole pine remain an important part of C recovery after MPB attack. Mean annual stem C storage was also highly correlated (r = 0.92) with the cumulative percentage of downed stems per hectare at the site, suggesting that increased availability of resources is likely assisting the growth release.

Predicted impacts of hard pine stem rusts on lodgepole pine dominated stands in central British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J Woods ◽  
Albert Nussbaum ◽  
Bill Golding
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Trees

We developed two models to predict volume loss due to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka) and comandra blister rust (Cronartium comandrae Peck) on juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) dominated stands in central British Columbia. The models suggest that volume loss is significantly and positively correlated to the incidence of comandra blister rust. The relationship between volume loss and western gall rust incidence was weak. The addition of stand density data improved the statistical fit of the model. We used the growth and yield model Tree and stand simulator (TASS) to predict volume at culmination age (age at which the merchantable mean annual increment was maximized) in thirty 1-ha stem-mapped stands. The lodgepole pine trees we stem mapped were also assessed for hard pine stem rust incidence. We developed our volume loss functions assuming that trees with stem infections of both comandra blister rust and western gall rust were lethal, and that infected trees would die from ages 21 to 40. In areas where comandra blister rust is common, the losses due to the disease can be considerable. We predict that the volume losses due to hard pine stem rusts in lodgepole pine dominated stands are as high as 7.2% by culmination age.

Enhanced colonization by the blue stain fungus Ophiostomaclavigerum in glyphosate-treated sapwood of lodgepole pine

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Bergvinson ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

The herbicide glyphosate was administered into the sapwood around the root collar of lodgepole pine trees, Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm., to determine its effect on invasion by the blue stain fungus Ophiostomaclavigerum (Robinson-Jeffrey & R.W. Davidson) T.C. Harrington. In two experiments, lesions in the sapwood were longer and wider in trees treated with glyphosate before inoculation with O. clavigerum than in untreated, control trees. Ophiostomaclavigerum was recovered in a third experiment at seven times the distance from the point of inoculation in trees treated with glyphosate 3 weeks before inoculation as in untreated, control trees. We conclude that previously observed enhancement of brood development of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk., was caused by glyphosate--induced inhibition of the trees' secondary defense response to invasion by the beetle's symbiotic fungi.

A Gamma-Poisson model for vertical location and frequency of buds on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) leaders

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2049-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda F. Linnell Nemec ◽  
James W. Goudie ◽  
Roberta Parish
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Annual Shoot ◽  
Vertical Location ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Number Of Branches

The aim of this work was to model the vertical location and number of branch primordia (buds) on the leader of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Doug. ex Loud.) trees in central British Columbia. For species such as lodgepole pine, where branches occur in clusters rather than individually, the Gamma-Poisson model provides a natural framework for describing and simulating the distribution of buds on the annual shoot. Parameters in the model are identifiable with measurable attributes, that is, the average number of clusters per unit length of the annual shoot and the average number of buds per cluster, and can be related to explanatory variables via a log link. Applicability of the Gamma-Poisson model was demonstrated for a sample of 58 lodgepole pine trees ranging in age from 29 to 103 years old. The agreement between observed and expected cluster counts and spacing, cluster sizes, and total number of branches was good. Height to crown base and length of the annual shoot were selected as the best predictors of the number of clusters and number of buds per cluster, respectively, although other single variables were also identified as having significant predictive value.

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