Malaysia

2019 ◽  
pp. 457-476
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafur Hamid @ Khin Maung Sein
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Multiple Characteristics ◽  
The Uk ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

This chapter describes international law in Malaysia. Malaysia is unique in the sense that it amalgamates multiple characteristics: a federal state, a constitutional monarchy, and a state with a dual legal system. It is a multilateral player with active involvement in many intergovernmental organizations. In relation to international conventions, Malaysia has a policy of respecting them and complying with them. What is surprising, however, is that Malaysia rejects outright the doctrine of incorporation in respect of customary international law, deviating from the practice of the UK and other common law countries. Despite the fact that customary international law is binding on all states, and that a state will be responsible under international law for its breach, customary international law appears to be an alien law to the Malaysian courts. It appears that Malaysia is not only a dualist country, but also more dualist compared to any other common law counterparts.

scholarly journals Kiobel and the New Battle Over Congressional Intent

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
David H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Alien Tort Statute

Transnational human rights litigation under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) has been plagued by the overarching question of the domestic legal status of customary international law (CIL). Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. is the Supreme Court's second installment on the ATS. Like Sosa v. Alvarez-Machainbefore it, Kiobel does not expressly address the domestic legal status of CIL, but it does provide clues. Those clues suggest two insights: the Court views CIL as external to U.S. law, rather than as part of federal common law, and the role of CIL in future cases may be affected less by arguments about CIL's status as federal common law than by arguments about congressional intent.

Nevsun Resources Ltd. v. Araya et al. (S.C.C.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-810
Author(s):  
Russell Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
International Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
The Supreme Court

In a judgment delivered on February 28, 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada held (by majority, 7–2) that Canadian common law does not contain an all-encompassing doctrine of non-justiciability based on foreign acts of state; and (by a narrower majority, 5–4) that alleged breaches of customary international law (CIL) arguably provide a novel cause of action in tort. The court held that claims against a Canadian mining corporation related to alleged violations at a mine in Eritrea could proceed to trial.

un Security Council Resolutions before uk Courts

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-64
Author(s):  
Alexander Orakhelashvili
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Uk

Over the past decade, the effective performance by the UN Security Council of its primary responsibility in the area of peace and security has increasingly become contingent on the implementation of its decisions within the national legal systems of the UN Member States. An examination of this issue in the context of the British legal system could offer a useful case-study of the ways to enhance the effectiveness of the UN collective security mechanism, to enforce the limits on the legitimacy of that mechanism, and also to highlight the practical difficulties that may accompany the attempts to apply Security Council resolutions domestically. This contribution exposes all these issues, focusing on the practice of the uk courts over the past decade. It examines the mediation of the effect of Security Council resolutions into English law through the 1946 United Nations Act, the royal prerogative and other common law techniques. After that, the contribution moves on to examine the English courts’ handling of the normative conflict between a Security Council resolution and other sources of international law.

scholarly journals COMMON LAW RIGHTS: BALANCING DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL EXIGENCIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Bjorge
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
Proportionality Test ◽  
Principle Of Legality

AbstractThe protection of human rights through common law principles and values has a greater potential than has been recognised hitherto. First, the adoption at common law of the proportionality test of interferences with rights shows that, when human rights are at issue, the courts will apply an exigent test, allowing interferences only if, amongst other things, a less intrusive measure could not have been used. Secondly, the principle of legality, along with common law constitutionalism as developed recently by the Supreme Court, now means that there is a common law pendant to the rule in s. 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998. Thirdly, in cases where the protection offered by the Act is displaced by obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, there is no displacement of common law rights, which continue to operate. Fourthly, common law rights are more open to the influences of the customary international law of human rights than are Convention rights. These factors combine to mean that the future of common law rights is an auspicious one.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HAM PEKERJA MIGRAN: KAJIAN NORMATIF KEWAJIBAN INDONESIA BERDASAR PRINSIP-PRINSIP DAN NORMA-NORMA HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lestari Rahayu ◽  
Siti Muslimah ◽  
Sasmini ,
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Legal Argumentation ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Conventions

<p align="center"><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>b</em></strong><strong><em>s</em></strong><strong><em>t</em></strong><strong><em>r</em></strong><strong><em>a</em></strong><strong><em>c</em></strong><strong><em>t</em></strong></p><p><em>T</em><em>h</em><em>i</em><em>s research is conducted to get a legal argumentation related to responsibility of Indonesia on protection of its citizen, especially migrant workers. The question will be answered by determining the norms and principles that underlie Indonesia in protecting the human rights of its citizens. The sources of this research are international conventions, customary international law, doctrine, legal instruments in Indonesia and some of publications concerning the state responsibility to protect migrant workers. The legal sources collected by study documentation are analyzed by interpretation and content analysis. The results show that the general legal principles in which become basic of Indonesia associated with its obligation to provide protection of human rights of women migrant workers are based on the principle of nationality/citizenship of Indonesia, the principle of pacta sunt servanda, the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, the shift in meaning of the sovereignty principle and recognition principles theory of natural rights which inherent in every human being. While the norms are contained in the Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97), the Convention on Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions), 1975 (No. 143), United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 1</em><em>9</em><em>9</em><em>0</em><em>.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>human rights, migrant workers, obligations, international law</em></p><p align="center"><strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ra</strong><strong>k</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperolah gambaran yang lebih mendalam mengenai tanggung jawab Negara Indonesia dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak warga negaranya, khususnya pekerja migran. Penulis mencoba menjawab permasalahan tersebut dari sisi normatif yaitu dengan mendasarkan pada norma-norma dan prinsip-prinsip yang mewajibkan setiap negara termasuk Indone- sia untuk melindungi hak asasi warga negaranya. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan meliputi perjanjian- perjanjian internasional, doktrin, hukum kebiasaan internasional, peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, serta beberapa publikasi yang terkait dengan kewajiban negara atas perlindungan pekerja migran. Bahan hukum yang dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen selanjutnya dianalisis melalui interpretasi teks dan analisis isi. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip hukum umum yang menjadi dasar Indonesia terkait dengan kewajibannya untuk memberikan perlindungan HAM pekerja migran didasarkan pada prinsip nasionalitas, prinsip <em>pacta sunt servanda</em>, prinsip <em>exhaustion of local remedies</em>, pergeresan makna prinsip kedaulatan dan diakuinya prinsip teori hak-hak kodrati yang melekat dalam diri setiap manusia. Sedangkan norma-normanya terdapat dalam Konvensi Migrasi untuk Pekerjaan (Revisi), 1949 (No. 97), Konvensi Pekerja Migran (Ketentuan-Ketentuan Tambahan), 1975 (No. 143), <em>United Nations Convention on The Protection of The Rights of All Migran Workers and Member of Their Families </em>tahun 1990.</p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>hak asasi manusia (HAM), pekerja migran, kewajiban, hukum internasional

4. International Sources of Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisdair Gillespie ◽  
Siobhan Weare
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Law ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
The Eu

This chapter discusses international sources of law. Conventions and treaties are the primary sources of international law. International law also relies on custom, that is to say informal rules that have been commonly agreed over a period of time. The United Kingdom joined the (then) European Economic Community (EEC) in 1972. As part of the conditions for joining the UK agreed that EEC (now EU) law would become automatically part of the law of the United Kingdom. The principal treaties governing the EU are the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Disputes are adjudicated by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Whilst the UK has recently voted to leave the EU, it will not do so for at least two years, meaning EU law will remain part of UK law. The United Kingdom is also a member of the Council of Europe, which has issued a number of international Conventions that impact the English Legal System.

scholarly journals Customary International Law as Federal Common Law: A Critique of the Modern Position

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis A. Bradley ◽  
Jack L. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Customary International Law
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