Alcohol and Drug Problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Drug Problems

A substance problem is any negative outcome from prescription drug misuse, illegal drug use, or binge drinking. These problems often lead to substance use disorders (SUDs). Any substance use can cause problems. The real issues are a person’s reasons for using, and whether that substance use is part of a substance use disorder. Family members often think of the drug as being the problem when it is really the person’s pattern of use and reasons for using that are the problems. Drugs come and go and are replaced by new ones all the time. SUDs and addiction are people problems that involve drugs.

scholarly journals Illicit and Prescription Drug Misuse among Sexual Minority Women in the United States: A Protocol for a Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kelly Gagnon ◽  
Jessica Frankeberger ◽  
Stephanie Corey ◽  
Barbara L. Folb ◽  
Christina Mair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Sexual Minority Women ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse

  Background: The United States Institute of Medicine (IOM) published reports in 1999 and 2011 identifying drug use as a priority area for sexual minority health research, specifically focused on mechanisms contributing to drug use disparities and the development of tailored interventions. Limited research has prioritized sexual minority women (SMW) with the majority of substance use research among sexual minorities focused on adolescents and men who have sex with men. This scoping review will characterize the research literature related to illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse among SMW and sub-groups within the SMW population. Through this, we will identify: (1) specific substances used; (2) patterns of substance use; (3) risk and protective factors; (4) prevention interventions; and (5) drug treatment programs specific to SMW. Methods/Design: This review will include studies with empirical data of illicit or prescription drug misuse among sexual minority women. Peer-reviewed quantitative research conducted in the United States and published in English from 2011-Present will be included. We will search Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts and relevant full-text studies for eligibility. Data will be extracted from eligible articles and results will be presented in narrative and tabular form as appropriate. Discussion: This work will identify gaps of knowledge in the research pertaining to illicit or prescription drug misuse among sexual minority women since the 2011 US IOM report. As a result of this work, we will propose directions for future research to address identified gaps.

Stealthing Perpetration and Victimization: Prevalence and Correlates Among Emerging Adults

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988851
Author(s):  
Erin E. Bonar ◽  
Quyen M. Ngo ◽  
Meredith L. Philyaw-Kotov ◽  
Maureen A. Walton ◽  
Yasamin Kusunoki
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
White Race ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

“Stealthing” is a form of sexual violence wherein a sexual partner purposefully removes a condom during penetration without the receptive partner’s knowledge. Given the role of substance use in sexual violence broadly, we examined demographic and substance use correlates of stealthing perpetration (SP) and victimization (SV) among emerging adults. Participants comprised 2,550 18- to 25-year-olds ( M age = 20.8, SD = 2.3), recruited via social media (48% female; 53.9% non-Hispanic White; 46.0% had another racial/ethnic identity; 67.4% heterosexual; 85.3% had some college education). Unadjusted analyses ( t tests, χ2 analysis) and adjusted logistic regression analyses examined associations between demographics (age, education, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation) and substance use (binge drinking, marijuana use, other illegal drug use, and prescription drug misuse) with male SP and male and female SV. Five percent of males and 18.9% of females reported SV; 6.1% of males reported SP. In adjusted analyses, significant correlates of SP were: non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39), binge drinking (OR = 1.39), cannabis use (OR = 1.37), and other drug use (OR = 1.43). Significant correlates of male SV were: non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (OR = 0.28), non-heterosexual orientation (OR = 0.24), binge drinking (OR = 1.49), and other illegal drug use (OR = 1.79). Significant correlates of female SV were: older age (OR = 1.13), non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (OR = 0.57), binge drinking (OR = 1.28), cannabis use (OR = 1.29), and other drug use (OR = 1.22). Consistent with literature linking alcohol to sexual violence, binge drinking correlated with both SV and SP, with other substance use also playing a role. Data are needed to explore these relationships using longitudinal, event-level assessments to investigate the influence of acute intoxication. Interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, and sexual assault should include content on stealthing and substance use.

scholarly journals Self-reported harm from others’ alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use in Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Synnøve Moan ◽  
Elin K Bye ◽  
Elisabet E Storvoll ◽  
Ingunn Olea Lund
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
Illegal Drug Use

Aims: While it is documented that substance use harms others than the user, less is known about which substances people experience most harm from, and who the victims and perpetrators are. The aims were: (i) to estimate the prevalence of and overlap in self-reported harm from others’ alcohol, cigarette, and illegal drug use; (ii) to examine potential differences in the prevalence of harm from close relations’ and strangers’ use; and (iii) to examine how the prevalence of harm varies according to demographics and the respondents’ substance use. Methods: Population surveys conducted among 16–64-year-old Norwegians in 2012 and 2016 ( N = 3407) assessed self-reported harm from others’ alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use with identical measures, demographic variables and the respondents’ substance use. Results: Experience of harm from others’ alcohol use was most common, followed by others’ smoking. For all three substances, a higher proportion experienced harm from close relations’ use. Nearly half had experienced harm from others’ use of at least one substance. Women and younger participants were more likely to report harm from others’ alcohol and cigarette use. While alcohol and illegal drug users were more often harmed by others’ use of these substances, smokers reported being less often harmed by others’ smoking. Conclusions: Self-reported harm from others’ alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use corresponds with the prevalence of use of these substances in Norway. For all three substances, close relations’ use accounted for more harm than strangers’ use. Own substance use was an important correlate of experienced harm.

scholarly journals Sources of Nonmedical Prescription Drug Misuse Among US High School Seniors: Differences in Motives and Substance Use Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Esteban McCabe ◽  
Philip Veliz ◽  
Timothy E. Wilens ◽  
Brady T. West ◽  
Ty S. Schepis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse

Is Medical Marijuana Legalization Associated With Prescription Drug Misuse, Illicit Drug Use, or Combination of Both Among Adults in the United States?

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-578
Author(s):  
Yen-Han Lee ◽  
Yen-Chang Chang ◽  
Ching-Ti Liu ◽  
Stephan Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Marijuana Legalization

This research focuses on associations of medical marijuana legalization with prescription drug misuse, illicit drug use, and a combination of both behaviors. Using three waves of the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2016–2018), adult participants (age ≥ 18) were selected for the final study sample ( n = 127,438). Multinomial logistic regression was adjusted for biological, socioeconomic, and substance use measurements. Results from multinomial regression demonstrated that medical marijuana legalization was positively associated with illicit drug use (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.17, 1.51]; p < .01) and both prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use (RRR = 1.14, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.25]; p < .01) among U.S. adults. It is recommended to design policy interventions to counter illicit drug use and a combination of both prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use as the result of medical marijuana legalization.

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