Full assessment: direct observation and the signs of autism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traolach S. Brugha
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Interview Question ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
Answer Format ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

This chapter focuses on direct observation and examination, moving consciously from the traditional interview, question, and answer format, to the observational format. Observing 1:1, with a carer present—for example, does the patient engage, both verbally and non-verbally, or is (s)he aloof, unless directly asked to join in? The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is mentioned with an outline description. The limitations of observation, if comorbidity is present, are pointed out, indicating how comorbidity can be distinguished (and then referring on to Chapter 10). Methods used by psychopathologists in psychiatry to observe signs of autism are also refreshed.

A Thorough Presentation of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2)

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Elpis Papaefstathiou
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

ADOS-2 is considered the gold standard observational instrument for use in the diagnosis and/or classification of autism and ASD. In this chapter, the process of assessment will be described, which involves direct observation and engagement of children and adults for whom an ASD is suspected. Specifically, an emphasis will be put on ADOS structure, namely the five different modules for the assessment. Then, the advantages of ADOS-2 will be elaborated as a diagnostic tool and a brief review of studies concerning its psychometric properties will be reported.

scholarly journals The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA): Development of a New Adapted Assessment Measure for Remote Telehealth Administration through COVID-19 and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Dow ◽  
Alison Holbrook ◽  
Christina Toolan ◽  
Nicole McDonald ◽  
Kyle Sterrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Interest in telehealth assessment for autism has increased due to COVID-19 and subsequent expansion of remote psychological services, though options that are easy for clinicians to adopt and available through the lifespan are limited. The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) provides a social context with standardized materials and activities that can be coded by clinicians trained in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). The current project examined psychometric properties to determine optimal use for each BOSA version. Three hundred and seven participants with 453 BOSAs were included to determine best performing items for algorithms, validity, sensitivity, specificity, recommended cut-offs, and proposed ranges of concern. While preliminary, the BOSA provides a promising new option for telehealth-administered assessment for autism.

scholarly journals Social Attention Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Task Dependence of Objects vs. Faces Observation Bias

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Mouga ◽  
João Castelhano ◽  
Cátia Café ◽  
Daniela Sousa ◽  
Frederico Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Task Dependence ◽  
Observation Bias ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Social attention deficits represent a central impairment of patients suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the nature of such deficits remains controversial. We compared visual attention regarding social (faces) vs. non-social stimuli (objects), in an ecological diagnostic context, in 46 children and adolescents divided in two groups: ASD (N = 23) and typical neurodevelopment (TD) (N = 23), matched for chronological age and intellectual performance. Eye-tracking measures of visual scanning, while exploring and describing scenes from three different tasks from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), were analyzed: “Description of a Picture,” “Cartoons,” and “Telling a Story from a Book.” Our analyses revealed a three-way interaction between Group, Task, and Social vs. Object Stimuli. We found a striking main effect of group and a task dependence of attentional allocation: while the TD attended first and longer to faces, ASD participants became similar to TD when they were asked to look at pictures while telling a story. Our results suggest that social attention allocation is task dependent, raising the question whether spontaneous attention deficits can be rescued by guiding goal-directed actions.

scholarly journals Preventing Foodborne Illness: Norovirus

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Schneider ◽  
Renée M. Goodrich-Schneider ◽  
Mike Hubbard ◽  
Rajya Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
Answer Format

Revised! FSHN-05-18, a 4-page fact sheet by Keith R. Schneider, Renée Goodrich Schneider, Mike Hubbard, and Riya Shukla, provides essential information about noroviruses in a question-and-answer format. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, April 2009. FSHN0518/FS129: Preventing Foodborne Illness: Norovirus (ufl.edu)

Diagnostic utility of the autism diagnostic observation schedule in a clinical sample of adolescents and adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Langmann ◽  
Joachim Becker ◽  
Luise Poustka ◽  
Katja Becker ◽  
Inge Kamp-Becker
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule--Generic

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lord ◽  
M. Rutter ◽  
P. C. DiLavore ◽  
s. Risi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lord ◽  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Susan Goode ◽  
Jacquelyn Heemsbergen ◽  
Heather Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

A Final Digression: Does Economic Equality Lead to Victory in War?

Inequality ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Equality ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
Answer Format

Not every economic or political attribute is restricted to economic implications alone. And not every aspect of inequality is something everyone needs to know. Therefore we now abandon the question-and-answer format that we have used so far. In this epilogue we take up a...

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